المؤيدون لدعوة تحرير المرأة

Modern Arabic literature particularly short stories and essays deal with, among others, liberation of women from outdated and oppressive traditions. There are supporters of this trend and also opponents to this attitude in Arabic prose. This article touches the issue of women 's liberation in Arabic literature produced in Egypt during thefirst half of the twentieth century. The major subject-matters included therein are veil, adornments, polygamy, marriage, divorce, women’s joining workforce, and free-mixing of both male andfemale.

Synthesis of Derivatives of Benzothiazole Via Palladium and Copper Catalyzed Reactions and Their Biological Activities

The use of catalytic cross-coupling methodologies for preparing aryl functionalized derivatives is an emerging field. Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic compound, weak base, having various biological activities and still is of great scientific interest now a days. Halogenated 2-aminobenzothiazoles were prepared with reported methodology. Suzuki cross coupling was done with Pd(0) and N-arylation at amino group using copper as a catalyst. The synthesis of different derivatives of 2-amino-6-bromobenzothiazole and 2-amino-6- chlorobenzothiazole were investigated. Suzuki cross coupling reactions were done with various aryl boronic acids/ aryl pinacol esters. Suzuki cross coupling gave product with good yields. Suzuki cross coupling reaction was carried out in which Pd(PPh3)4 was used as a catalyst and K3PO4 as a base. Suzuki cross coupling of 2-amino-6-bromobenzothiazole was also tested with aryl and heteroaryl trifluoroborates. Chan-Lam coupling was carried out at amino group in benzothiazole using Cu(OAc)2 as a catalyst without base, and reacted with different aryl boronic acids along with aryl trifluoroborates. Biological activities were also tested for these new series of compounds. Most of the compounds showed excellent antiurease properties. These newly synthesized compounds showed moderate to good nitric oxide scavenging, antibacterial and haemolytic activities.