تاريخية السنة بين المثبتين والنافين

A group of contemporary rationalists have repeatedly maintained that the rulings derived from the Sunnah have a historical framework that does not transcend them. After being proved, they must remain locked in the time in which they were said, and we are not obliged to follow them. The prophetic interpretation of the Qur'anic text is not the only interpretation, Is one possible form of interpretation. The rationalists market some evidence of this, including: copies, reasons for descent and causes of roses, and the language of some Koranic verses. In this research we will discuss the issue of this issue, and the statements of the parties and their evidence.

Towards Energy Harvesting and Congestion Control in Routing Protocols Design of Underwater Sensor Networks

The most significant issues in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is to develop such power aware and energy efficient schemes which enhance the network life-time and also limit the usage of energy in net data transmission. This dissertation presents two routing protocols for UWSNs which are compared with the previously designed schemes. In the first scenario, we have proposed a routing protocol called Energy Harvesting in UWSNs (EH-UWSNs). This protocol proves to be a compact, energy proficient and high throughput routing scheme for UWSNs. In this proposed protocol architecture, we present Energy Harvesting with the cooperative transmission of data packets utilizing relay sensors. Through Energy Harvesting, the sensors recharge their batteries from the environment and forward information utilizing cooperation procedure, limiting power usage along-with reliable data delivery. At the final receiving node, the combining approach used is based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Simulation results of EH-UWSNs scheme indicate better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, end-to-end delay and network lifetime in contrast with the Co-UWSNs routing protocol. EHUWSNs have expanded substantially less energy when contrasted with Co-UWSNs along-with the information transmission. Also there is an intense need to design an optimized congestion control scheme which enhances the network life time and also controls the congestion of data packets. The second scheme which we have presented is called Dist-Coop (Distributed Cooperation with Towards energy harvesting and congestion control in routing protocols design of Underwater Sensor Networks by Malik Taimur Ali Page 2 Congestion Control) in UWSNs. It is a cooperation-based scheme which uses mechanism for optimized congestion control in noisy links of underwater. It is compact, energy proficient and high throughput opportunistic. The proposed scheme in this architecture is then compared with an existing scheme SPARCO and with our previously presented scheme EH-UWSNs. In literature, no such scheme existed which worked collectively on congestion control as well as energy consumption. Hence, the Dist-Coop protocol gave us promising results than previous schemes.