پروفیسر محمد عمرالدین
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں پروفیسر محمد عمر الدین کا ۶۲ برس کی عمر میں انتقال علی گڑھ میں ہوگیا،اوریہیں دفن ہوئے۔ مرحوم علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی میں ۲۴ء میں داخل ہوئے تھے، اُس وقت سے دمِ آخرتک اُن کا رشتہ اس درس گاہ سے منقطع نہیں ہوا۔ انھوں نے تعلیم یہیں مکمل کی، پھر یہیں لکچرر، ریڈر، پروفیسر اورصدر شعبۂ فلاسفی ونفسیات، وارڈن، اور پروووسٹ اورخداجانے کیاکیا ہوئے۔انھوں نے یونیورسٹی میں بڑے بڑے اتار چڑھاؤ اورانقلابات دیکھے تھے،اوراب آخر میں خود انقلاباتِ زمانہ کی عبرت انگیز تصویربن کررہ گئے تھے۔اسلامی فلسفہ اُن کا خاص مضمون تھا، امام غزالی ؒ کے فلسفۂ اخلاق پرانگریزی میں اُن کی ضخیم کتاب چند سال ہوئے یونیورسٹی کی طرف سے شائع ہوئی ہے۔بلاکے ذہین، بہترین منتظم،بے نفس وبے ریا، مجّسم خلوص، پیکرِ وضع داری، اور نہایت سادہ اوربے تکلّف! راقم الحروف سے دیرینہ اور بڑے مخلصانہ تعلقات تھے، یونیورسٹی سے ملازمت کے تعلق کے اعتبارسے مرحوم اس چمن کی پرانی بہار کی آخری نشانی تھے۔ ’’خدا بخشے بہت سی خوبیاں تھیں مرنے والے میں‘‘۔ [ستمبر ۱۹۶۴ء]
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru PPKn dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran diri siswa terhadap tata tertib sekolah di SMP Negeri 7 Gunungsitoli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Lokasi dalam penelitian ini adalah di SMP Negeri 7 Gunungsitoli dengan informan Kepala Sekolah, Guru PPKn dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya peran guru PPKn dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran diri siswa terhadap tata tertib sekolah antara lain (1) Guru sebagai korektor yang menilai semua sikap dan perbuatan siswa, (2) Guru sebagai motivator yang memotivasi siswa untuk dapat menaati tata tertib sekolah, dan (3) Guru sebagai pembimbing yang membimbing siswa menjadi manusia yang taat pada aturan sekolah. Selanjutnya kendala yang dihadapi guru PPKn dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran diri siswa terhadap tata tertib sekolah yaitu sifat dan karakteristik siswa yang berbeda-beda yang terkadang mengabaikan arahan dan bimbingan yang disampaikan oleh guru. Adapun upaya guru PPKn untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut yaitu terus mengingatkan siswa tentang tata tertib, menjadi contoh teladan bagi siswa dan melakukan pendekatan kepada siswa yang melanggar tata tertib sekolah.
Water shortage on our globe has very deleterious effects on food security. Judicious use of water for crops seems very wise in the current scenario of water scarcity. Huge research work is required to investigate how can we grow crops with less amount of water? To determine the solution for such kinds of problems this research project was designed. The research project entitled, “Improving the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) by silicon application under drought condition” was carried out at Postgraduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In the first pot experiment screening of maize hybrids (P-33H25, S-8441, FH-985, ICI-8288, YH-1921, R-3333, FH-963, FH-810) against drought was carried out. Moisture levels of 100%, 80% and 60% field capacity were maintained. From this experiment the most tolerant (P-33H25) and most sensitive (FH-810) maize hybrids against drought were screened out. In the second pot experiment four silicon levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) were optimized under moisture levels of 100% and 60% field capacity maintained. The optimized silicon level (100 mg/kg) was selected for further study. The third pot experiment was conducted to investigate the improvement in drought stressed maize hybrids by exogenous application of silicon. The two selected hybrids from the first experiment were sown under two moisture regimes (100% and 60% field capacity). In this experiment silicon level i.e. 100 mg/kg (optimized in experiment II) was used. Drought was imposed two weeks after emergence and maintained. The fourth experiment was conducted under field condition with two selected maize hybrids (P-33H25 and FH- 810) and two irrigation regimes (100% and 60% FC) from the 1 st experiment and two silicon levels (0 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) from 2 nd experiment. In this experiment moisture application was maintained at 100 or 60% field capacity. In this experiment the maize crop was sown for two years 2010 and 2011 in both seasons i.e. spring and autumn. The data regarding morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded by following standard procedures. The analysis of data from the first experiment showed that mild and severe drought had deleterious effects on various morphological and physiological parameters. However, root fresh and dry weight enhanced under mild drought while decreased under severe water limited condition. On the basis of dry matter production the most drought tolerant (P-33H25) and drought sensitive (FH-810) maize hybrids were screened out. In the second experiment best suited silicon level (100 mg/kg) was optimized on the basis of dry matter production. In the third experiment drought severely affected the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of maize hybrids. However, silicon application improved the various agronomic attributes, yield and yield components. The same study was conducted in field as that of third experiment to investigate the effect of silicon on maize hybrids grown under water limited condition. Significant effects of silicon application were observed on various agronomic, physiological, yield and yield related parameters. However, further research is required to investigate the silicon mediated drought tolerance in maize hybrids.