لازوال دوستی
بھٹو صاحب اور جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی کی ہوشربا داستان ۔
’’میری بھٹو صاحب سے محبت یا عقیدت اس وجہ سے نہیں کہ وہ کوئی عظیم قسم کے کلاسکل سوشلسٹ یا مارکسٹ تھے البتہ یہ ضرور ہے کہ ان میں وہ تمام خوبیاں موجود تھیں جو ایک اچھے سوشلسٹ میں ہو نی چاہییں ۔اسی کو بھٹو ازم کہتے ہیں ۔اس فرق کو سمجھے بغیر آپ بھٹو صاحب کو بھی نہیں سمجھ سکتے ۔ہمارے بائیں بازو کے اچھے خاصے دانشور اس غلط فہمی کا شکار ہیں ۔‘‘
میں نے بھٹو صاحب کے چالیسویں کے موقع پر ان فقیر کو اپنی آنکھوں سے دیکھا تھا۔اس دن گڑی خدا بخش میں بھٹو صاحب کے مزار پر عوام کا بے پناہ رش تھا ۔جس کی وجہ سے میں اس فقیر کی طرف کوئی خاص توجہ نہ دے سکا ۔آج صبح یہ پوسٹ میری نظروں سے گزری تو اس فقیر کا چہرہ میری نظروں کے سامنے گھوم گیا ۔جس دوست نے اس کو فیس بک پر پوسٹ کیا ہے اس کو کل میں نے کسی بات کی وجہ سے ان فرینڈ کیا تھا ۔اس کے بعد اس نے اپنا تعارف کرایا اور مجھ سے اپنی کوتاہی پر معذرت کی ۔آج اتفاقاََ اس نوجوان کی پوسٹ میری نظرسے گزری ۔اس سندھی سے اردو میں ترجمہ شدہ متن سے کچھ غلطیاں میں نے نکال دی ہیں اور اگر مجھے اس کا مکمل متن مل جائے تو میں اس پر مزید تحقیق کر نے کی کوشش کروں گا ۔
ایک دوستی کی داستان ۔دوستی عام ہے لیکن اے دوست! دوست ملتا ہے بڑی مشکل سے ۔ لاڑکانہ میں لوگوں کو آج بھی ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور ایک فقیر صفت درویش شخص جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی یاد ہو گی ۔یہ...
In the past, mode of Sirah writing was historical and descriptive but during the 19th century, this trend has been changed to the empirical research methodology. Due to religious devotion, unauthentic narrations were not judged and had been quoted constantly in Sirah literature on which orientalists laid the foundation of their objections. In response, various books are produced introducing argumentative, logical and scholarly way of writing to defend “Sirah of Prophet (PBUH)”. Question is what are the motives and causes which have changed classical trend of Sirah writing and what are its consequences? In this paper, a comparative analysis will be taken of books of Eastern Muslim scholars; Rehmatullah Keranwi, Syed Ahmad Khan, Karam Shah Alazhari, Shibli Noumani, Sana ullah Amertasri as well as Western Muslim scholars Mohammad Hussain Haykel, Hameed ullah, and Mohammad Asad. This paper will elaborate the difference between both of their research methodology and its effect in the field of Sirah writing and will be helpful for researchers.
Motivation is an integral part of human resource management. Without it, the employees of an organization will not give their excellent performance. The survival of an organization is conditioned by its motivated workforce.
The study aimed to examine the contribution of motivation techniques, used by the head teachers in public secondary schools of Karachi, for the better performance of teachers. The study was conducted in two public secondary schools of Karachi, Pakistan through case-study method within the qualitative paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of a head teacher and two teachers from each school. Document analysis was also used to further triangulate the data.
The findings of the study revealed that HTs used improvement of institutional environment, measures for teachers’ prestige and recognition, career development opportunities, accountability, reward, constructive feedback, incentives in form of professional development opportunities, freedom of expression for expectations, recommendation for promotion, status of prominence by creating teacher leadership structures, encouragement offered and interest shown enhanced the performance of the teachers as motivation techniques.
The findings of the study revealed that the motivation techniques used by the head teachers worked to a great extent and resulted in excellent performance of teachers. The effect of motivation techniques was visible in the overall milieu of the school. The motivated behaviour and the body language of the teachers were the evidence of it. Moreover, the findings revealed some factors also that hindered the process of motivation like powerlessness of head teachers, corruption, ineffective use of ACR, and lack of transparency In the light of the above findings the study suggests that motivation techniques may be included in training courses of teachers, a special training course may be arranged for educational managers, administrators and supervisors and measure may be taken to facilitate the promotion of motivation process.