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Home > Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Audio-Lingual and Grammar-Translation Methods of Teaching English at Intermediate Level in Azad Kashmir

Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Audio-Lingual and Grammar-Translation Methods of Teaching English at Intermediate Level in Azad Kashmir

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Hussain, Raja

Supervisor

Zulkaif Ahmad

Program

Mphil

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1995

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

243

Subject

English

Language

English

Other

Call No: 420.7 MUC; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676709812977

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23. Al-Mu’minun/The Believers

23. Al-Mu’minun/The Believers

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

23:01
a. Indeed, The Believers will succeed.

23:02
a. The Believers are those who humble themselves in their Salat/Prayers,

23:03
a. and those who avoid frivolous talk and behavior,

23:04
a. and those who regularly pay out the Zakat/annual charity,

23:05
a. and those who guard their chastity -

23:06
except from their spouses or from those whom their right hands possess -
for then, indeed, they are free from blame.

23:07
a. But whoever seeks beyond that limit, those - they are the transgressors,

23:08
a. and those who faithfully keep their trusts, pledges, contracts, and promises,

23:09
a. and those who guard their Salat/Prayers from worldly distractions.

23:10
a. It is they - they are the inheritors -

23:11
who will inherit the Paradise of Firdaws,
they will live therein forever!

23:12
And, indeed, WE created the human being out of the essence of clay.

23:13
Thereafter, WE made him as a mingled drop in a secure repository of the female’s womb.

23:14
And, then, WE made an embryo/clot from the drop,
and then WE made a lump from the embryo/clot,
and, then, WE made bones from the chewed-up lump,
and, then, WE clothed the bones with flesh and muscles.
And, then, out of that tiny drop, WE structured him into yet another creation.
So Exalted is Allah - the Best Creator of all creators!

حلالہ اور مروجہ حلالہ سنٹرز: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Almighty Allah made marriage a source of affection and love among the human beings. He also ordered to uphold this relation as much as possible. If, on one way or the other the relationship of a couple becomes so unpleasant that their family life becomes impossible to move any more further. In this case the Islamic “Sharia’h” recommends opening of the ways for their respectable separation in the shapes of “Divorce” and “Khula’a” (divorce obtained on wife’s initiative, s). Though Islamic sharia’h has declared “Divorce” as legal act, yet marriage being a great sacred relation which is desired to be retained intact to the maximum, it has been named as the most unpleasant among the permissible acts in Islam. Some human beings very abruptly break the same relation (Nikah) without proper consideration. Some of these persons later on repent on what they have done. Allah Almighty  therefore, very affectionately has allowed men after uttering two times the words, ‘Divorcee (Talaq) at different times to reconcile with their wives. But if he disrespecting this great relation stress-passes the final time and utters the word “Divorce” (Talaq) for the third time in his life so the religion has fixed certain punishment for his this very irresponsible act as a punishment that though, both spouses may agree to continue their married life, Islam does not allow them to do so, prior to undergoing the process of re-marrying  the woman with another person to fulfill the condition of her reunion with her first husband. This process is called “Halala”  In the article under reference side by side with presenting the literal meaning and idiomatic definitions of Halala, its Shari status has also been elaborated. Efforts  have been intensified to recollect the different views of all jurists  regarding this practice and examine the same analytically. In addition to that with the help of irrefutable proofs, the adverse effects of the so called “Halala, s centers” have been proved to warn the people to stay away from them.

Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Assessment of Taverniera Nummularia and Ifloga Spicata.

The present studies were performed to investigate the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of different solvent fractions (methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water) of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata. The different solvent fractions were tested for various types of phytochemicals, antimicrobial assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and detoxification effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on blood lymphocytes of humans under induced stress of H2O2. Methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibacterial potential against S. aureus. The ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform significantly showed higher antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The different fractions for antibacterial activity used against E. coli were methanolic ethyl acetate, aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform. Maximum activity against fungi was exhibited by chloroform fraction against Aspergillus niger (64%), Aspergillus flavus (62.02%) and Aspergillus fumigates (59.25%). The n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate showed higher antioxidant activity were higher for n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate as a compare to other fractions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the human blood lymphocytes were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved by the various leaf fractions of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata at 50µg/ml under H2O2 stress methanol and aqueous fractions being the most effective ones. The increase in antioxidant enzymes activities showed significant decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content.The in vivo antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia (T. nummularia) and Iflago spicata (I. spicata) was investigated in mice. Treatment with alloxan significantly. The alloxan treated mice exhibited a significant increase in blood glucose level, total bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,creatinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol content as compared with control group (p<0.05). Treatment with methanolic leaf extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata significantly decreased blood glucose level and resulted in a better body weight under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, increases in the content of bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,Craetinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol due to hyperglycemia was normalized by treatment with methanolic extract of both the plant species. Further column chromatography to find the basic ingredients responsible for this potential will be very useful and interesting. This can result in diversity in natural product and pharmaceutical chemistry.