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Home > Comparative Study of Use and Availability of Lab Equipmenrt of Biology &Amp; Chemistry in Rural &Amp; Urban High Schools of District Rawalpindi

Comparative Study of Use and Availability of Lab Equipmenrt of Biology &Amp; Chemistry in Rural &Amp; Urban High Schools of District Rawalpindi

Thesis Info

Author

Ijaz Ahmed

Supervisor

Fazai-Ur-Rehman

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2003

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

161.;

Subject

Science

Language

English

Other

Call No: 507 IJC; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709817301

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ایک بے لذت خواب

ایک بے لذت خواب

آ تجھے نیند میں بھیگے ،مہکتے راستے سے لے جائوں

رفتہ رفتہ او نگھ کے ہچکولے لیتے ہوئے

کہیں دور …بہت دور

اپنے دل کے پاس

جب دل کی دھڑکن تیز  ہو گی

توبنا کسی آہٹ کے ،تجھے خواب کی وادی میں اتار لوں

یہ وادی تیرے بدن کی خوشبو سے  مہک اٹھے گی

جب آنکھوں پہ کیف و سرور کی چلمن گر پڑے گی

جب سانسیںجذبات  کے پسینے سے شرابور ہوں گی

برصغیر کی نادر فارسی تفسیر تبجیل التنزیل (جزء سورۃ الفاتحہ) کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

The intellectual heritage in British–India includes literature of Christian missionaries which focusses missionary perspective and the literature of Muslim missionary in response. In this Case, literature based on polemic method from both sides has become quite important. Specialists of Muslim Christian relations and religious students should be aware of debates of this ere. The criticism on Quran seems quite abundance on social media from opponents and enemies as well as their efforts are quite evident on minds of habitual valiance to precariousness and skepticism. That’s why, the preacher and student of Islamic religion should bring in light the effort being made by Muslim scholars in response to their claims. One of selected flowers in the caravan of Muslim scholars is Abu Mansoor Dehlvi (1902 AD). Tabjil al Tanzil is one of the prominent Quranic Interpretation which focuses on the replies to objections raised against Islam and Quran by Christians in Sub continent. In this paper, author tried to find out this un-published interpretation (as it is supposed) and analyzed its first part containing on surah al fatiha (manuscript). In the result, he finds that polemic method is prevailed. And objections against Islam has been silently condemned.

Phytochemical Assessment and Biological Activity of Some Selected Ethno Medicinal Plants

The medicinal plants are strongly used as major bio resources of modern synthetic drugs because of their benefits for the society related to humans in the field of medicine. The fresh roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits of five selected ethnomedicinal plants which were collected, dried under shade and ground. Further; powdered plants materials were extracted by different extracts, and then screening of phytochemical were being done. The findings of present study indicated that an appreciable amount of phytochemical including alkaloid, saponin, phenolic compound, flavonoid, tannin, steroid, terpenoid, glycoside, carbohydrate, protein and amino acid were observed in the different parts of five selected ethnomedicinal plants. It has been confirmed that the amount of aqueous extract showed maximum phytochemical than methanol extract. The aqueous extract was the best solvent for extraction of including alkaloid, protein amino acid and carbohydrate; whereas methanol extract was the best solvent for phenolic compounds, flavonoid and Tannins, terpenoid, steroid fat and oil. The roots and seeds of the selected plants for the present study showed good sources of carbohydrate; whereas the highest percentage of protein was observed in the leaves and seeds of the plants. The leaves of the plants are the rich sources of phenolic compound, flavonoid and tannin than other parts. The concentration of alkaloids was higher in the seeds and fruits. This present observation shows that these plants belong to the richest sources of calcium ranging from (1840–17360 mg/Kg) and sodium ranging from (504-2480 mg/Kg). The leaves and roots were indicated the richest sources of calcium; whereas most parts of solanum surrattense and Maringa oleifera are also rich sources of calcium. But sodium will be beneficial to consumers because of high values. Iron content ranging from (10.98–1115.2 mg/Kg) and potassium content ranging from (866- 1361 mg/kg) were investigated while Achyranthes aspera richest sources of iron and potassium. Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the body in all the selected plants which show good sources of zinc. Ricinus communis is a good source of copper. The roots and seeds of some plants showed good sources of manganese. Cadmium, lead and cobalt were showed around permissible limit in the most parts of the plants.It is beneficial for the VII consumers because of high toxic. The significant content of antioxidant ranging from (0.13–0.66 %) was observed.The higher concentration of antioxidant content in the leave and flower in the most of the selected plants are the richest sources of antioxidant possessing phenolic compound, flavonoid and tannin.Antibacterial activity including the Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aurous were found to be most sensitive while Klebsiella pneumonia least sensitive in the present study. The growth of bacillus cereus is inhibited by the different parts of the selected plants. The inhibition zone is found between the ranges of (0.0- 28mm) against Escherichia Coli. The maximum inhibition zone was observed against Escherichia coli by the flowers parts in the most of the selected plants. The growth of bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aurous is inhibited zone is foundbetween the ranges of(0.0- 22 mm) by the different parts of selected plants while the inhibition zone is found range between (0.0- 15 mm) against Klebsiella Pneumonia by the different parts of selected medicinal plants. The flower of Maringa oleifera was possessed antibacterial protein and peptide which showed highly significant against Staphylococcus Aurous, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas, proteus and enterobacter. The present findings suggest that several phytochemical are likely to contribute in medicinal properties and indicate that these plants should be taken for medicinal purposes. They can cure humans from various types of diseases.