سید عبد الرحمن با فقیہ تھنگل
آل انڈیا مسلم لیگ کے صدر سید عبدالرحمن با فقیہ تھنگل مرحوم کی وفات قومی و ملی حادثہ ہے، اور ان کی موت اس لحاظ سے ہر مسلمان کے لیے قابل رشک ہے کہ حج سے فراغت کے بعد وہ سعودی عربیہ کے دارالحکومت ریاض گئے تھے، وہیں ایک مختصر علالت کے بعد انتقال کیا، حرم محترم میں نماز جنازہ پڑھی گئی اور مکہ معظمہ کی سرزمین میں سپرد خاک کیے گئے، اس طرح گناہوں سے پاک و صاف ہوکر لبیک کہتے ہوئے اپنے رب کے حضور میں حاضر ہوگئے۔
خوش حال آنکہ دید ترا و سپرد جان
آگہ نشد کہ ہجر کدام و وصال چیست
تھنگل مرحوم اگر چہ مسلم لیگ کے صدر تھے لیکن ملکی قومی خدمات میں بھی ان کا قدم پیچھے نہ تھا، اس لیے بلا تفریق مذہب و ملت سب ان کو مانتے تھے، اور ان کی موت پر جنوبی ہند کے ہندو مسلمان دونوں نے یکساں ماتم اور ان کی موت کو قومی نقصان تصور کیا، ارض مقدس میں ان کی موت خود مغفرت کا ذریعہ ہے ،اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے مدارج بلند فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۷۳ء)
Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objectives: To determine and compare glucose-insulin ratio in hyper-insulinemic women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital. A total of 80 women 24-35 years of age were recruited from Lahore General Hospital. 50 women had PCOS, and 30 were healthy controls. PCOS was diagnosed by using the Rotterdam criteria. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Glucose and insulin were estimated by the glucose oxidase method and ELISA, respectively. HOMA-IR was calculated to determine insulin resistance (IR). HOMA- β was calculated to assess the β-cell function. Fasting glucose and insulin ratio were also calculated. Results: Mean age of the women with PCOS and healthy controls was 29.89±3.54 and 28.60±1.12 years, respectively (p>0.54). BMI and waist circumference of women with PCOS were higher compared to healthy controls (p>0.45). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA- β, and IR were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: In addition to HOMA IR, the glucose-insulin ratio may be considered to assess hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the rhizosphere of cereal crops at Swat and to assess their impact on plant growth when used as inoculants. A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from roots and rhizosphere of cereal crops. On the basis of colony and cell morphology, 4 strains were identified as Azospirillum, 11 as Pseudomonas strains and three strains remained un-identified. With the exception of 3 strains, all isolates showed IAA production in pure culture. Three bacterial strains (Azospirillum brasilense strain R1, Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas strain Ky1) were used to inoculate two varieties of wheat (Inqilab 91 and Fakhre Sarhad), two varieties of rice (Fakhre Malakand and JP 5) and one variety of maize (Pahari) at two experimental sites in Swat (ARIN Mingora and Udigram). Among the bacterial strains tested in the present study, Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 was more effective in plant growth promotion than other strains for both wheat and rice varieties. Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 showed more positive response than other strains on the yield and growth of maize variety Pahari. The plant height of wheat variety Inqilab 91 was significantly increase up to 18.5 % with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 as compared to non-inoculated control ones. The increase in plant height with Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 was 14.7 % and with Pseudomonas Ky1 9.6 %. The number of grains/spike, root and shoot weight and biological yield of the plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1, Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas Ky1 were significantly greater as compared to control treatment. In case of wheat variety Fakhre Sarhad, the inoculation strains also showed positive effects on the growth and yield. At ARIN Mingora, Swat, inoculation of rice variety Fakre Malakand with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 increased the straw weight by 16.6 %, grain weight by 22.7 % over control. Inoculation of rice variety JP 5 with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 showed 19 % increase in the straw weight and 39.5 % increase in the grain weight. At this experimental site, inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas strain Ky1 increased grain weight by 4.8 – 13.5 % and 17.3 –18.5 % respectively of the rice varieties Fakre Malakand and JP5. At Udigram, Swat, inoculation of rice variety Fakre Malakand with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 increased the straw weight by 14.2 % and grain weight by 22 % over control. In the rice variety JP 5, any significant beneficial effect of inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas strain Ky1 was not observed whereas inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 showed positive results of 15.5 % and 27.4 % increase over control in straw weight and grain weight respectively. The rice variety JP 5 was more responsive to the inoculated strains than rice variety Fakre Malakand. In case Of maize variety Pahari, plant height was significantly increase up to 8.82 % with Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and with Azospirillum brasilense strain R1 up to 6.52% as compared to non-inoculated control ones. The number of ears/plant, number of grains/ear, number of leaves/plant and stem thickness and 1000 grain weight were significantly affected by bacterial inoculation.