ڈاکٹر سید عبداللطیف
ہماری بزم علمی کی پرانی یادگاریں روز بروز اٹھتی جاتی ہیں اور ہر مہینہ کسی نہ کسی کا ماتم کرنا پڑتا ہے، گذشتہ مہینہ دو نامور اہل علم نے وفات پائی، ہندوستان میں ڈاکٹر سید عبداللطیف نے اور پاکستان میں غلام رسول مہر نے، ڈاکٹر صاحب اس دور کے نامور فاضل اور انگریزی کے مشہور اہل قلم تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی علمی و تعلیمی مشاغل میں گذری، وہ جامعہ عثمانیہ میں انگریزی یا فلسفہ کے پروفیسر تھے، اس سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد ان کا سارا وقت تالیف و تصنیف میں گزرتا تھا، وہ راسخ العقیدہ مسلمان تھے، ان کے دل میں مذہب و ملت کا درد تھا، اسلامیات پر بھی ان کی نظر وسیع تھی، کلام مجید سے خاص شغف تھا، ان کی بیشتر تصانیف اور مضامین کلام مجید اور اسلامی تعلیمات اور تہذیت و ثقافت کے کسی نہ کسی پہلو پر ہیں، انھوں نے کلام مجید اور مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد کے ترجمان القرآن کا انگریزی ترجمہ کیا، یہ دونوں شائع ہوچکے ہیں، انگریزی تصانیف میں The Mind Al-Quran Builds زیادہ مشہور ہے، اس کا اردو ترجمہ چھپ چکا ہے، ایک کتاب اردو میں ’’اساس تہذیب‘‘ کے نام سے لکھی اس میں کلام مجید اور احدیث نبوی سے عالمگیر انسانی تہذیب کے عناصر دکھائے گئے ہیں، اردو شعر و ادب سے بھی ذوق تھا، انھوں نے غالب پر انگریزی میں ایک کتاب لکھی، اس میں ان کی زندگی کے وہ پہلو بھی دکھائے گئے ہیں، جن سے ان کے سوانح نگار اغماض برتتے ہیں، ان مستقل تصانیف کے علاوہ انھوں نے مذہب اسلام اور اسلامی تہذیب و ثقافت پر بکثرت مضامین لکھے، ان کا آخری کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ اپنی وفات سے پہلے انھوں نے قرآنی ٹرسٹ کے نام سے ایک ٹرسٹ قائم کیا اور اس کو اپنی تمام تصانیف کا حق...
The methods of Al-Hafiz Al-Zaili in criticizing of text of the Sunnah as described in his book Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah. The science of criticism is well known science since the era of the Companions, and critics of the hadith of the honorable companions have played a very important role in the field of narration and carefully criticizing it. And by passage of the era of the Companions and beginning the era of the followers (tabieen), the criticism became more obvious depending on the growing need, especially after spreading of lie, and creation of fake hadith, which led the critics to further research and verification, for scrutiny between the narrations and then differentiation between the right and the weak. The imams and scholars of hadith from the era of the Companions till present continuously inheriting the approach of criticizing the narratives in succession of their predecessors, whether criticizing the narrators or the texts. I have seen that it is worthwhile to stand on the efforts and methods of one of the imams in his criticism of the hadiths and I have chosen the effort of Imam Hafiz al-Zaili through his book " Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah" to learn how he was using the standards traded among the scholars of Hadith for textual criticism of Sunnah. As the those denied the hadiths from orientalists and their followers and those who follow their example simply claim that the scholars of hadith did not criticize the Sunnah in true criticism and even if they have criticized the hadiths, their criticism was only concerning the narratives not the text, now it is clear through this article that the scholars of hadith did not leave the side of the text, but they criticized text as they criticized the attribution of the hadiths. They set solid rules, which remain scholarly proven and accurate forever. We will revolve in this article around the following topics: learning about Al Hafez Zaili and the science of criticism, methods of textual criticism according to Hafiz Zaili, by focusing on: Criticism of the hadiths for violating the explicit meaning of the Qur'an, or for contradicting the Sunnah, or for contradicting the explicit consensus, or for risking and exaggerating the promise or the warning of simple action, or lack thereof in books of hadith These are the most important rules sited by al-Hafiz al-Zaili, which he practiced and criticized the hadiths and distinguished them between the correct and the weak.
In this thesis, we present our contribution to develop Fixed Point Theory. The main purpose is to introduce different notions of contractive inequalities in the frame work of different distance spaces and to obtain fixed point, common fixed point, best proximity point, common best proximity point results for such inequalities by adding and relaxing some conditions and generalizing the existing results. This thesis is comprised on six chapters. Chapter 1 recapitulates some basic definitions and existing results related to fixed point, common fixed point and best proximity points. Chapter 2 consists of eight sections. Section 2.1 covers the introduction of the chapter and in Section 2.2 we obtain fixed point results for α-η-GF-contractions in the setting of modular metric spaces. In Section 2.3, we derive new results in partially ordered metric spaces from previous section. In Section 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6, as an application of our results proved in last sections, we deduce, respectively, SuzukiWardowski type fixed point theorems, fixed point results for orbitally continuous mappings and more general fixed point theorems for integral type GF-contractions. In Section 2.7, we introduce the concept of ω-weak compatibility and prove the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point results for ω-weak contractive inequalities of integral type in modular metric spaces. The presented results in this section elongate and generalize the Theorems 2.2-4.3 of [29], Theorem 2.1 of [44], Theorems 2.1 and 2.4 of [40], Theorems 2.1-2.4 of [124], Theorem 2.1 and 3.1 of [129], Theorem 2 of [150] and Theorems 3.1 and 3.4 of [122] in the set-up of modular metric space. In Section 2.8, we deduce fixed point results and common fixed point results in a triangular fuzzy metric spaces. The results of Sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 and Sections 2.7, 2.8 have appeared, respectively in [85] and [84]. Chapter 3 consists of six sections. Section 3.1 covers the introduction of the chapter, in Section 3.2 we introduce the concept of α-η lower semi-continuous multivalued mappings, α-η upper semi-continuous multivalued mappings and prove some fundamental lemmas related to these concepts. In Section 3.3, we develop fixed point results for modified α-η-GF-contractions with the help of the newly introduced concept in previous section. The obtained results generalize the Theorem 2.5 and Theorem 2.6 of [126]. In Section 3.4 we prove fixed point results for F-contraction of Hardy-Rogers type. These results extend and generalize Theorem 10 and Theorem 11 of [17]. In Section 3.5, we find common fixed point and fixed point results for multivalued α∗η∗ manageable contractions. The obtained results generalize Theorems 3.2 and 3.3 of [12], Theorem 9 of [14], Theorem 4.1 of [91] and Theorem 5 of [127] and [133]. Lastly, in Section 3.6, as an application of our results, we derive fixed Point Results in Partially Ordered Metric Space and establish the existence of solution of Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The results of Sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and Sections 3.5, 3.6 have appeared, respectively, in [95] and [80]. Chapter 4 consists of five sections. Section 4.1 covers the introduction of the chapter and in Section 4.2, we define multivalued α-orbital admissible mappings and prove some supplementary results, which will be used in further sections. In Section 4.3, we proved the existence of fixed points for multivalued α-type F-contractions in complete metric spaces. It is also worth mentioning that, to prove these results we only use two conditions from already defined F-contraction by Wardowski. In Section 4.4, we derive the best proximity results for multivalued cyclic α-F contraction with proximally complete property. The obtained results generalize Theorem 2.2 and Theorem 2.5 of [16]. In Section 4.5, as an application of previous section, we obtain best proximity point results and fixed point results for single-valued mappings. As a special case of our results, we obtain Theorem 3.4 of [66], Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 of [135] and Theorem 2.1 of [167], we also present an example which illustrates thesolvability of our results but Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 of [135], Theorems 2 and 5 of [88] are not applicable for this example. The results of Sections 4.2, 4.4 and 4.5 have appeared in [79]. Chapter 5 consists of six sections. Section 5.1 covers the introduction of the chapter and in Section 5.2, we define T-orbitally continuous, T-orbitally lower semicontinuous, T-orbitally upper semi-continuous mappings and prove some related lemmas. In Section 5.3, we prove Variational Principle and as a consequence we obtain Ekeland’s-Variational Principle in the setting of T-orbitally complete metric spaces. The obtained results generalize Theorem 1.1 of [64] and Theorem 1 of [170]. In Section 5.4, we derive some fixed point results from the results proved in previous section. These fixed point results extend and generalize Theorem 2 of [161], Theorem 1 of [38] and [55] and main results of [104], [49] and [149]. In Section 5.5, as a consequence, we obtain minimax theorems in incomplete metric spaces without assumption of convexity and also obtain the existence of a solution of equilibrium problem in incomplete metric spaces. We also present an example here, which satisfies our obtained equilibrium formulation but the equilibrium formulations of Ekeland’s variational principles given in [11, 41, 46, 116, 136, 140] can not be applied for this example. In Section 5.6, we define α-orbital admissible mapping with respect to η and utilize this concept to obtain the extension of Theorem 6 of [54], Theorem 10 and 11 of [17] in the frame work of T-orbitally complete metric spaces. The obtained results also generalize Theorem 5.1 and Theorem 5.3 of [95]. Chapter 6 consists of seven sections. Section 6.1 covers the introduction of the chapter and in Section 6.2, we introduce the concept of cyclic orbital simulative contractions and explore the existence of best proximity points for these type of mappings via enriched class of simulation functions. For this purpose, we adopt only one condition from the concept of simulation functions and show that other conditions are superfluous. In Section 6.3, we deduce some fixed point results from previous section. The presented results generalize Theorem 2.8 of [111]. In Section 6.4, we deduce some new and existing best proximity points results and fixed point results in the Literature from previous sections. As a consequence, we obtain Theorem 4 of [15], Theorem 2.4 of [63], Theorem 3.4 of [66], Theorem 2.2 of [106], Theorem 2.1 of [139], and Theorem 1.8 of [142]. In Section 6.5, we refine Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 of [4], Theorem 2.1 and Theorem 2.2 of [154], Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.2 of [163]. In Section 6.6, We give an application to the variational inequalities and provide the solvability theorems of an optimization problem. We also explore the solution for an elliptic boundary value problem in Hilbert spaces. Finally, in Section 6.7, we introduce the notion of α∗-proximal contractions for multivalued mappings and obtain the existence of common best proximity points for both multivalued mappings and single valued mappings. Here we get the generalizations of Theorem 13 in [13], Theorem 3.3 in [12] and Theorem 2.1 in [155]. We also give a generalization to the concepts of compatibility and weak compatibility due to Jungck ([101] and [100]).