Technical Terms Used in General English Textbooks Across Disciplines

The study aimed to analyze lexical items underpinned in the textbooks used in the current teaching of ESP and GE. Using content analysis, a systematic evaluation of texts to examine nuances to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative data. This was such of importance, however, difficult to study due to issues of interest like in the study, frequency of lexical items in ESP, and GE textbooks. Results found 13,713 lexical items in Hospitality Management, 17,561 in Criminology, 4576 in Tourism, 7167 in Marine Engineering, and 512 in Information Technology. Furthermore, the overall percentage of ESP lexical items fell in Tier 2 (with multiple-meaning while the least was in Tier 3, specifically on context-specific vocabulary. It is the core of vocabulary learning to ensure English language teaching. It is its goal to help learners better understand language, allowing them to understand others as they want to express themselves as well. This applies not only in speaking but also in writing and reading. Wilkins (1972, p. 111-112) stated that without grammar very little understanding can be acquired and without vocabulary there can be no learning at all. Thus, even without good grammar, so long as you equipped with useful words and expression, one can still manage to communicate. Lewis (1993) argued that “lexis is the heart of language” and that it develops a better fluency and expression in English. He also added the significance to the learners of acquiring a more productive vocabulary knowledge, also, their eagerness to develop their own personal vocabulary strategies. Thus, a proposed bridge model program was recommended to highlight the study findings using the lexicons found from the different respective courses.

Human Resource Development Through Foreign Aided Projects in Azad Jammu & Kashmir

This study presents an analysis of the impact of training (capacity development) through three foreign aided project in AJK. For that purpose a customized set of capacity domains was developed using standard analysis tools devised and used by UNDP against whom the change due to trainings will be measured. The variables of the model are Relevance, Performance, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Sustainability, Community Participation. The study is theoretical as well as statistical in nature. The statistical estimates and analysis are based on a data set of various surveys and scheduled interviews. The study concludes that although trainings for the extension workers and master trainers were relevant and efficient but they couldn''t provide desired results as these workers couldn''t pass on the knowledge gained to the ultimate beneficiaries of the project. This study identifies some inherent flaws and exclusion of some important factors which rendered the trainings less effective. Sustainability and community participation were the weaker areas of the project and created some negative effects. The analysis also includes recommendations for more prudent future policy making of such projects. This research study is first of its kind for the Azad Kashmir. This will help not only in presenting an overview of lessons learnt, strengths and weaknesses of the foreign aided projects. But will serve as data base for short term and long term planning and future research