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Developing Writing Skils to Secondary Level Students of Fazaia College

Thesis Info

Author

Khalida Ahmad

Supervisor

Uzair Muhammad

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

103

Subject

Linguistics

Language

English

Other

Call No: 411 KHD; Publisher: Aiou.

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709890539

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فکروفن

اقبال ایک عظیم مفکر بھی ہیں، شاعر بھی اور فلسفی بھی۔ آپ نے فلسفہ کو با قاعدہ شعر کی
زبان عطا کی۔ اسلوب احمد انصاری فرماتے ہیں:
”اقبال فلسفی بھی ہیں اور شاعر بھی بلکہ کہنا چاہیے فلسفیانہ شاعر۔ ان کے فلسفے
کی افہام و تفہیم ان کی شاعری کے بعض پہلوؤں کو ادراک کی گرفت میں لانے میں
بڑی حد تک ممد معاون ہوتی ہے اور اس پر روشنی ڈالتی ہے “ (31)
اقبال کا فلسفہ اور اقبال کی شاعری تمام ذہنوں پر حکومت کرتا نظر آتا ہے۔ حریف و حلیف اقبال کے شعر و فلسفہ اور فکر کا مقابلہ نہ کر سکے ۔ مخالفین کے نظریات کا غبار خود ہی راستے سے ہٹ گیا۔ اقبال کا سوز و ساز لوگوں کے دلوں میں گھر کر گیا۔ اقبال نے خون جگر سے شاعری کو نور و سرور بخشا۔ یہی ان کا فن ہے۔
اقبال کے فکر و فلسفہ میں فکر وفن کو ایک دوسرے سے جدا نہیں کیا جاسکتا ۔ ویسے تو اقبال شاعری سے انکار کرتے رہے اور پروفیسر آرنلڈ کے زور دینے پر سلسلہ کلام جاری رکھا اور شاعری کے سلسلے کو ہمیشہ اخلاقی اور فکری رکھا۔ اس طرح اقبال نے شاعری کو پیغام پہنچانے کے لیے استعمال کیا اور پیامی شاعر کہلائے۔ اقبال کے نزدیک شاعری کوئی عیش و عشرت کا سامان نہ تھی قوم کو موثر پیغام دینے کا ذریعہ تھی۔ شاعری میں اقبال کا کوئی باقاعدہ استاد تو نہ تھا کچھ دن مرزا داغ سے خط کے ذریعے اصلاح لیتے رہے انہوں نے کچھ دن بعد یہ کہہ دیا کہ اقبال کو اصلاح کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔
اگر اقبال کی شاعری کا فنی مطالعہ کریں تو کئی جگہ ایسی باتیں نظر سے گزریں گی جن میں اقبال نے شاعری سے بیزاری کا اظہار کیا ہو یہی وجہ ہے کہ انہوں نے...

FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AMONG PATIENTS WITH ARTHROSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH ENDO-BUTTON AT GHURKI TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL POST 6 MONTHS-A SINGLE CENTERED SURVEY

Background of the Study: To assess the functional outcome among patients with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with endo-button at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital post 6 months. Methodology: A single centered survey was conducted on 67 patients with arthroscopic AC Ligament reconstruction using Hamstring auto-graft (Semitendinosus-Gracilis tendons) after 6 months and evaluated for functional outcome. The data was collected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. The sampling procedure utilized was non-probability sampling. Functional outcome was assessed using subjective form of IKDC score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 67 patients, all were male. The pre-operative subjective IKDC scoring was less than 30 and post-operative mean IKDC scoring is 73.92. On the basis of findings of study, significant improvement was observed after ACL reconstruction post 6 months. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction shows significant improvement in knee function and significant recovery of preoperative functional status.

Electron Transport Phenomena in Semiconductor Nanostructures

Metal sulphide nanostructures were prepared by solid state reaction technique and their electrical and dielectric properties were explored using ac measurements. This was followed by their integration with silicon nanowires (Si NWs) to fabricate photodetectors with improved characteristics. The prepared nanostructures include bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanorods (diameter ~20 nm; length ~100 nm – ~150 nm), cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles (diameter ~17 nm), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoflakes and zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) (diameter ~30 nm). The crystallinity of these nanostructures was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Impedance plane plots of pressed pellets of Bi2S3 nanorods obtained in the frequency range 20 Hz – 2 MHz showed the presence of grains and grain boundaries from 310 K – 400 K. Small polaron hopping was observed as the charge transport mechanism in the nanorods. In CdS nanoparticles, Impedance plane plots from 300 K – 400 K in the same frequency range indicated the phases of grain boundaries, sub-grain boundaries and grains. Overlapped Large Polaron Tunneling (OLPT) mechanism was observed in CdS nanoparticles. The large values of dielectric constants observed in CdS nanoparticles obey Maxwell-Wagner theory of interfacial polarization. Impedance spectroscopy of pressed pellet of MoS2 nanoflakes indicated the presence of two dielectric relaxation processes associated with bulk and interfaces from 180 K – 280 K. Mott‟s 2D Variable Range Hopping (VRH) model explains the conductivity of MoS2 nanoflakes. ZnS NPs and Si NWs were used to form hybrid devices for photodetection. We observed persistent photoconductivity, enhanced Detectivity, Responsivity, and External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) in hybrid ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) and vertical Si NW devices. ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. Si NWs (length ~30 mm, diameter ~30 – 400 nm) were prepared by electroless chemical etching. Hybrid devices showed ~10, 3 and 10 times enhancement of EQE, Detectivity, and Responsivity, respectively as compared with the Si NWs only devices. The enhancement is attributed to presence of low refractive index ZnS around Si NWs causing funneling of photon energy into Si NWs.