دکھیارے
’’دکھیارے‘‘از انیس اشفاق لکھنؤ کی زوال پذیر تہذیب کی عکاسی کرتا ہوا یہ ناول جس میں انیس اشفاق نے بہت سادہ اسلوب زبان اختیار کیا ہے۔ مصنف بہت خوبصورتی سے حال اور ماضی کے واقعات کو بیان کر رہا ہے اور ان واقعات کو حقیقت کے اس قدر قریب تر بتایا ہے کہ کہیں بھی کوئی جھول نظر نہیں آتا۔ مصنف نے ذکر کیا ہے کہ غربت اس قدر بڑھ گئی ہے کہ مکان کی قرقی ہو گئی ہے۔کرداروں میں ایک ماں اور اس کے تین بیٹے ہیں۔ ایک بیٹا ذہنی عارضے میں مبتلا ہے جس کو جنونی کیفیت ہونے پہ یہ احساس ہی نہیں ہوتا کہ وہ ماں کو اپنی وحشت کا نشانہ بنا رہا ہے۔
مصنف نے ناول میں حالات و واقعات کو اس طرح بیان کیا ہے کہ تمام کڑیاں ایک دوسرے سے باہم مربوط ایسے معلوم ہوتی ہیں کہ بات میں سے بات نکلتی ہوئی محسوس ہوتی ہے۔ ناول کے آغاز میں ہی مصنف حال میں بات کرتے کرتے اچانک بات کا رخ کچھ اس طرح سے موڑ دیتے ہیں کہ بات ماضی میں چلی جاتی ہے۔ ایسا لگتا ہے کہ مصنف نے خودان سب حالات و واقعات کو قریب سے محسوس کیا اور پھر قلم کے ذریعے اس کو ہم تک پہنچایا۔
’’ماں ‘‘ نے خود جس طرح حالات کا سامنا کیا اور اولاد کو بتایا نہیں کہ یہ مکان جس میں وہ رہتے ہیں ان کا نہیں ہے تو پہلی بار پتا چلنے پر احساس ہوا کہ اس بات کو چھپا کر خود تک رکھنا ماں کے لیے کتنا تکلیف دہ تھا۔مکان کی قرقی ہونے پر راز افشاں ہوا کہ باپ نے یہ مکان گروی رکھا ہوا تھا۔ماں نے جیسے تیسے مقدمہ لڑنے کی کوشش...
Background: Non-atherosclerotic processes are regarded as equally important contributors to a substantial number of coronary problems mainly myocardial infarction. This includes coronary spasm which has been considered as one of the coronary syndromes leading to myocardial infarction. These non-atherosclerotic events ensuing in major averse cardiac events (MACE) not only require various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies but also there is a need to delineate the underlying etiology for their effective treatment and management. Case Summary: We report a case of anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) driven by a non-atherosclerotic event i.e. Coronary spasm. Concomitant marked ST-segment elevation recorded on ECG revealed a diffuse mid distal disease in our patient. We report here the initial presentation, coronary care & intervention and throughout the clinical course of our patient. Conclusion: Myocardial infarctionsinvolving non-atherosclerotic causes in young individuals as in our study should be reported by medical practitioners and given equal importance as they might indicate the underlying root cause of such events. Effective treatment of such future cases can be done by taking management strategies, diagnostic findings and prognostic data into consideration.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs) that play a critical role in the innate immune system. They recognize specific molecular
patterns from a wide variety of pathogens and initiate a signaling cascade that mobilizes the
appropriate host defense. They are usually expressed on membrane of various subclasses of
immune and non-immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils,
T-cells, B-cells, epithelial, endothelial and fibroblasts. In the present study, the genetic
polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) gene was investigated in indigenous cattle breeds
Achai and Lohani of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa (KPK) province of Pakistan. The complete
sequences of TLR2 gene composed of 5?UTR 136bp, coding sequence 2355bp and 3?UTR 1316
bp. The distribution of polymorphisms was explored in the coding region of TLR2 gene in
studied two cattle breeds. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of coding region
of TLR2 gene showed that the Bos indicus, Bos taurus as the nearest neighbors with other species
bubalus bubalis, Bos frontalis, Bos grunniens, and Bison bison. The Ovis aries and Capra hircus
in a separate group with Capra ibex, Antidorcas marsupialis, Damaliscus pygargus and the
chicken (Gallus gallus) was found to be the farthest specie. The ratio of dS/dN substitutions was
<1 at polymorphic-sites indicating purifying selection. A total of seven polymorphisms were
detected in Achai cattle breed, in which two variations were synonymous and five mutations
were non-synonymous. In the analysis, four polymorphisms were transitions type mutations
and three were transversion. The amino acid [aa] sequences analysis of the coding region (784
aa) revealed extracellular domain composed of 20 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), trans membrane
and Toll-IL receptor domains. A total of four mutations were observed in Extracellular domain,
one in transmembrane domain, and two in TIR domain of TLR-2 protein in Achai cattle breed.
The Lohani cattle breed was more polymorphic at TLR2 gene and a total of 41 polymorphisms
were detected including 20 variations were synonymous and 21 were identified non-synonymous.
Similarly, the amino acid [aa] sequences analysis of the coding region (784 aa) revealed
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extracellular domain composed of 20 LRRs, trans membrane and Toll-IL receptor domains. A
total of 25 polymorphisms were observed in the Extracellular domain, four in transmembrane
domain and five in TIR domain, one in signal peptide. The predicted bovine TLR2 is a succulent
like having energetic sites buried inside the concave side and forming a pocket for
ligand-binding. The present study findings show that the variation may be associated with
pathogens associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) mediated differential TLR-signaling of bovine
immune response and could regulate the consequence of infection