نہالؔ سیوہاروی
جناب نہال ؔ سیوہاروی کی شہرت کاآغاز ’’برہان کے شاعر خاص‘‘ کی حیثیت سے ہوا جس میں تقسیم ہند سے قبل وہ بالا لتزام غزلیں اورنظمیں لکھتے رہے۔ مرحوم کاذوقِ شعر وسخن اور ملکۂ شعر گوئی فطری اوروہبی تھاجس کوانھوں نے خلاف طبع معمولی سی سرکاری ملازمت کے باوجود مسلسل مطالعہ اور مشق و مزاولت کے ذریعہ جلا دے کراتنا اجاگرکرلیا تھاکہ ان کاشمار پختہ کار اورصاحب فن اساتذہ کے زمرہ میں ہونے لگاتھا۔ ان کے کلام میں دردواثر، سوزو گداز، عمقِ خیال،نزاکتِ احساس اورلطافت وشستگیِ بیان، جوحسنِ شعر کی جان ہیں یہ سب اوصاف پائے جاتے تھے۔ علاوہ سینکڑوں منتشر غزلوں اورنظموں کے آزادی پران کی رباعیات کاایک مجموعہ مکتبۂ برہان سے اور نظموں اورغزلوں کا ایک مجموعہ ’’شباب و انقلاب‘‘ کے نام سے دلی کے ہی کسی ایک مکتبہ کی طرف سے شائع ہوچکے ہیں۔
حق مغفرت کرے عجب آزاد مرد تھا
[جنوری ۱۹۵۲ء]
Human is the combination of body and spirit, Islām pays attention to the balanced growth and construction of the human personality considering the health of both body and spirit. As Muslims, we believe that Islām is the perfect code of life, which provides guidance for the solutions of all individual and collective problems of human beings. Therefore, we believe that Islām has a complete system of instructions for the development and reformation of spirit on the one hand, and, on the other hand, it has prescribed guidelines for the upkeeping and maintenance of the body. Reproductive and sexual health is one of the major problems of human beings. Eastern societies are comparatively shy to discuss this problem, unless necessary, while the western societies have introduced sex education in their schools to teenagers. We being Muslims tend to look towards our religion to guide us in such a way, that it may educate us, on the one hand, and on the other, it may guide us to adopt the required attitude to avoid the negativity of its awareness. Although the issue of reproductive health is considered as the specialty of the modern age, however, Islamic instructions very obviously discuss them from the beginning. In this article, the author has explored and elaborated Islamic teachings regarding the reproductive health and sexual instructions and discussed them in order to prove that Islām has the full capacity to solve the current social problems of reproductive health and sexual health.
This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of two instructional methods (i.e. Johnstone’s three-cycle instructional method and traditional instructional method) in the teaching of chemistry. Johnstone conceptualized that if chemistry concepts are made distinct and represented at three levels, are helpful in the meaningful learning. The main objectives of the study were to compare the relative effectiveness of these two instructional methods on the student learning and achievement. This experiment was carried out for the period of twenty two weeks in the chemistry classroom and laboratory of Federal Government Boys Model School F-8/3 Islamabad. Seventy-six science students of class ninth were randomly selected for the experiment. The design conceptualized for the study was the “posttest –only equivalent group design”. The research study had two groups i.e. experimental and control. Both the groups were equalized on the basis of eighth class science achievement scores. Different tools used to collect data were; multitier formative tools and a summative achievement tool. Experimental group was taught through Johnstone’s instructional method and the control group was taught through the traditional instructional method. Formative assessment was also made by the formative assessment tools. The achievement of the students in the chemistry theory and practical was measured by the summative tests called posttest theory and posttest practical. During the study the traditional formative assessments were also administered. The instruments constructed were validated. Data collected were analyzed and given the shape of mean scores. In order to compare the mean scores of the experimental and the control group, t-test was applied. The analysis of the data revealed that Johnstone’s instructional method was more effective than the traditional instructional method because the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. Important information revealed was that the traditional measures of assessment were not suitable for the assessment of meaningful learning. Qualitative assessment mode was suitable for meaningful learning because these are not meant for the assessment of rote learning. The study demanded that learning and the way of assessment need to be matched. The study emphasized that the examination system of Pakistan needs to be re-evaluated and Johnstone’s instructional method be applied in chemistry classrooms in Pakistan and laboratories need to be improved for effective learning of chemistry.