غلام احمد فرقتؔ کاکوروی
دوسرا حادثہ غلام احمد فرقت کاکوروی مرحوم کی درد ناک موت کا ہے، انھوں نے عالم مسافرت میں بڑی بیکسی میں جان دی، بہار کے کسی مشاعرے سے واپس آرہے تھے کہ راستہ میں دفعتہ انتقال ہوگیا، مغل سرائے اسٹیشن پر ٹرین میں لاش ملی، ڈائری سے مرحوم کے نام کا پتہ چلا، پولیس نے ضروری کارروائی کے بعد لاش بنارس کی ایک اسلامی انجمن کے حوالہ کردی جس نے اس مشہور ادیب کو لاوارثی میں دفن کیا، اس دردناک حادثہ پر جتنا بھی رنج والم کا اظہار کیا جائے کم ہے۔
فرقت مرحوم فطری ظریف اور طنز و ظرافت میں شوکت تھانوی کا مثنّٰی تھے، مگر ان کی ظرافت محض ہنسنے ہنسانے کا سامان نہ تھی، بلکہ اکبر کی شاعری کی طرح اصلاحی تھی، اور اس سے انھوں نے بڑے مفید کام لیے، اور اس دور کے ادبی اور سماجی فتنوں کا اپنے رنگ میں بھرپور مقابلہ کیا، اس لحاظ سے وہ ادیب ملت تھے، ان کے قلم میں اتنی طاقت تھی اور انداز بیان اتنا دلکش اور موثر تھا کہ ان کے حریف بھی ان کا لوہا مانتے تھے، وہ ان کے طنز پر تڑپ اٹھتے تھے، مگر اس سے لطف لینے پر بھی مجبور تھے، ان کو لکھنؤ کی ٹکسالی زبان پر بھی قدرت تھی، اور لکھنؤ کی پرانی سوسائٹی کی مصوری میں بھی کمال حاصل تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مسافرت کی موت اور اصلاحی خدمات کے صلہ میں ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۷۳ء)
Performance appraisal is a key human resource practice and source of a motivation for an employee and its success depends on justice perception of an employee towards performance appraisal system. Pakistani banking sector is playing a vital role in the economic growth of the country. Private Banks are innovative and effective in their approach as compared to the public banks. Past studies have compared the public and private banks and found that new private banks are more effective than public banks in terms of technical and economic efficiency. However, there are meager studies available in the context of justice perception of performance appraisal practices in the public and private banks. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 versions. In the result difference of justice is measured by mean differences and independent sample t-test. However, it is found that employees of private banks perceive greater justice as compared to public banks. This study emphasizes the importance of fairness perception of employees in the context of performance appraisal practices and could be used to better understand the problems associated with appraisal practices in public and private banks.
The increased incidence of crop resistance to large number of insecticide has led to the development of new active ingredients which have been successfully applied to control pests in different agricultural and food commodities. Due to increased demand of food, research has been focused regarding the risks of food contaminated with pesticide residues. Hence, current study was designed to optimize and validate HPLC based determination of neonicotinoid residues including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam in selected fruits and vegetables and their effect on antioxidant potential and mineral profile. The selected fruits (guava and citrus) and vegetables (cauliflower, tomato and okra) were treated with neonicotinoid insecticides at a concentration of 0.5 mg/plant. The samples were harvested at different time intervals (0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) after foliar spray and extracted using acetonitrile for neonicotinoid residues. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based method was validated successfully to analyze neonicotinoid residues. The antioxidant potential of selected fruits and vegetables was assessed at different harvest intervals in terms of their potential to hunt DPPH free radicals, ability to inhibit peroxidation in linoleic acid system and reducing power. The results regarding method validation evaluated that optimized HPLC-DAD method was linear over broad range of selected neonicotinoid concentrations. The residual levels of insecticides in selected fruits and vegetables at different time intervals revealed the decline in concentration (0.95-0.01μg/g) of neonicotinoids with the passage of time. Determination of neonicotinoid concentrations (0.5-0.95 μg/g) on the same day (after one hour of foliar spray) was higher than recommended Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. After 7 days of foliar spray, only okra samples contained imadacloprid and acetamiprid residues (0.66 ± 0.02 and 0.58 ± 0.01) above than MRL (0.5μg/g). But these residues were not detected or found below MRL after 21 days of foliar application. The antioxidant behavior speculated that all fruits and vegetable contained good amounts of phenolic (2.53 ± 0.05 -63.18 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) with substantial level of antioxidant activities following inclusive order as citrus > guava > okra > cauliflower > tomato. Overall, it was concluded that residues of neonicotinoid insecticides were within permissible limits after 21 days of foliar practices. However, neonicotinoids utilization in selected food commodities depleted the mineral profile but improved antioxidant character at the end of harvest interval (28 days). The study further suggested pre-harvest interval of 14 days for selected fruit and vegetables that would be optimistically safe according to health point of view.