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Effects of Social Forestry Project on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the People of Malakand Agency Nwfp

Thesis Info

Author

Samiullah

Supervisor

Shamshad Khan Khattak

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

45

Subject

Agriculture & Related Technologies

Language

English

Other

Call No: 634.9 SAE; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676709985991

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مولوی عزیز الرحمن

مولوی عزیز الرحمن
مولوی عزیز الرحمن صاحب کوئر یاپار اعظم گڑھ کے ایک شریف و نجیب خاندان سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، اردو کے مشہور ادیب و نقاد جناب شمس الرحمن فاروقی ان کے حقیقی بھتیجے تھے، جو اور اس خاندان کے دوسرے اشخاص بھی بڑے سرکاری عہدوں پر فائر ہیں۔ علمی و دنیاوی وجاہت کی طرح دینداری میں بھی یہ خانوادہ ممتاز تھا۔
مولوی عزیز الرحمن صاحب کی تعلیم مدرسہ الٰہیات کانپور میں ہوئی تھی اور انھوں نے الٰہ آباد بورڈ کے امتحانات بھی اچھے نمبروں سے پاس کئے تھے، ۱۹۲۵؁ء میں وہ شبلی نیشنل ہائر سکنڈری اسکول میں تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوئے اور ۶۶؁ء میں ریٹائر ہوئے۔
مولوی صاحب کو قومی و ملی اشغال سے بھی سروکار رہا اور جمعیۃ علمائے ہند اور کانگریس پارٹی سے وابستہ رہے، اعظم گڑھ کے نسواں اسکول کے جواب گریجویٹ کالج ہوگیا ہے، بانی ارکان میں تھے، برسوں اس کے صدر بھی رہے۔
ملازمت کے ابتدائی زمانے سے دارالمصنفین آنے کا معمول بنالیا تھا۔ اس وضع داری کو اس وقت تک نباہا جب تک پیروں میں قوت رہی، انہیں مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی صاحبؒ اور مولوی مسعود علی ندوی کی مجلس میں باریاب ہونے کا شرف حاصل تھا، شاہ معین الدین احمد اور سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن صاحبان اور دوسرے رفقا اور کارکنوں سے نہایت بے تکلف تھے، اس ناچیز پر بھی بہت شفقت فرماتے تھے۔
دو تین برس سے بالکل معذور اور خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے، بالاخر ۲۸؍ اور ۲۹؍ دسمبر کی درمیانی شب میں واصل بحق ہوگئے، اﷲ ان کے درجات بلند کرے اور پسماندگان کر صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ جنوری ۱۹۹۴ء)

 

Adultery, the Ground for Dissolution of Christian Marriage in Pakistan: Intersectional Constraint to Christian Women in Pakistan

Divorce from a distressful and unhappy marital alliance implies emancipation from perpetual pain, abuse, agony and violence but the social stigma attached to a divorced woman casts its shadow for life in the patriarchal and paternalistic socio-cultural settings in Pakistan. Seeking a judicial redress for dissolution of marriage is a legal right that needs to be available equally to both men and women. However, Christian married couples who apply for a divorce, are left with no options except to invoke the charge of adultery under Christian Divorce Act 1869. Proving adultery as a ground for dissolution of marriage stands as an impediment entailing character assassination of the accused and narrows the application of divorce on other grounds, such as domestic violence, abandonment by husbands and cruelty. The clergy representing Christian community fully supports the ground of adultery for dissolution of Christian marriage and vehemently opposes any position that calls for inclusion of nofault divorce. _________

The Prevalence and Factors Associated With Nonadherence With Arv Treatment and Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy Among Hiv Infected Adolescents Attending Out-Patient Hiv Clinics in Kenya

Background: There is an increase in the burden of HIV infected adolescents, both those perinatally infected as well as those acquiring HIV during adolescence. Female adolescents continue to be at the highest risk for acquiring HIV; in many Southern African countries, they have a three fold risk of acquiring HIV compared to their male counterparts. Adherence to treatment among adolescents has been shown to range between 30-70%, which is unacceptably low for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Psychosocial wellbeing and social support have been shown to be possible contributing factors to adherence to ART. This relationship has not been previously evaluated among Kenyan adolescents. Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to determine prevalence of non-adherence to medication among HIV infected adolescents aged 13-18 years attending selected outpatient HIV clinics in Kisumu, Kenya. The secondary objectives included determining the effect of psychosocial well being on adherence, and determining factors, including peer group support and their effect on adherence to medication. Methods We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study at seven outpatient HIV clinics in Kisumu, Kenya; enrolling 285 adolescents aged 13-18 years. Adherence data was obtained from pharmacy refill data and for each subject and a percentage adherence computed as the proportion of completed scheduled pharmacy visits. The main v predictor variable, psychosocial well being data was collected using a validated tool and a psychosocial score calculated using the corresponding score sheet and categorized as good (score was >22), moderate (15-22) and poor (<15). The maximum possible score was 30. Demographic data on potential determinants of adherence were collected in a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Characteristics of study participants were summarized using means and standard deviations for continuous variables; counts and proportions for categorical variables. The associations between adherence, psychosocial well-being and other factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the participants was 15 years (mode 13, median15), 59% of whom were female. The majority (67%) had been enrolled into care when less than 12 years old and therefore considered to have been infected perinatally; 52% were on ART. The overall average adherence was 86%. Adolescents were categorized as adherent (adherence >95%) or non-adherent (adherence <95%) and 65% of them were adherent. Poor psychosocial well being was associated with increased likelihood of poor adherence (OR 3.37 CI 1.17 to 9.69; p=.017). Mental health showed a tendency to affect adherence negatively (p=.09). Other