توجيهات نبوية لتعزيز المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى الشباب

The role of youth in development of any society is vital. They are the vanguard of any nation. The youth cannot play their role properly and positively unless they understand their responsibilities fully. Creating sense of responsibility in individual of a society especially in its youth is inevitable for the collective and dynamic development of a society. The life of the holy Prophet (r) is a complete guide for all spheres of our life. It is evident from the teachings of the holy Prophet (r) and the general commandments of Islam that the youth play a very important role in socio economic and politico educational development. The holy Prophet (r) showed complete confidence in youth. He delegated them with different responsibilities, provided complete guidance and encouraged them for discharging their duties properly. The companions of the holy Prophet (r) who embraced Islam as a result of his first invitation were young between the ages of 20 to 30. The worst enemy of Islam- Abu Jahal was got killed by two young brothers. Likewise a young man Muṣ‘ab bin ‘Umayr (Ï) was sent to Madina, and Mu‘āz bin Jabal (Ï) and Abu Mūsá Ash‘arī (Ï) were sent to Yemen. Zayd bin Thābit (Ï) was directed to learn other languages. He also compiled the holy Qur’ān in Caliphate of Abū Bakar (Ï). The holy Prophet appointed Ḥuzayfa (Ï) to take census. For creating leadership characteristics, Usāmah bin Zayd was sent to different war expeditions. These are ample proofs of holy Prophet’s confidence he had in the youth.

The Locus of Motivation and Achievement of University Level Students

This study was undertaken to know about the locus of motivation and achievement of the university level students and to find out inter-relationship of male and female students. In order to collect data one questionnaire was used which was developed and tested by Dr. Russell F. Waugh, Edith Cowan University, Australia, with his permission to gather data for motivation and achievement. Its validity was confirmed by the group of experts and reliability was calculated through Cronbach Alpha on 100 students not included in the sample. The value of Cronbach Alpha comes out as 0.78. Then results of different students were collected to analyse the data to compare male and female students with their responses. The questionnaire had three main aspects of motivation, linked with two response sets (What I aim for and What I actually do), and an ordered set of subject response categories (none or only one of my subjects, in some, though not most of my subjects, in most, though not all, of my subjects, in all or nearly all of my subjects). Only seven universities were included in the sample which were willing to participate. Pearson Product moment correlation and t-test were used for analysis of the data. It was concluded that the majority of the university level students had the highest motivation level. It is also interesting fact that gender difference was found in the motivation level of male and female students. Data collected through questionnaire from 1267 students was analyzed and tabulated. Three different departments (computer science, management department and social science departments) were chosen to collect data from male and female students. It was also concluded that there was positive correlation between motivation and academic achievement of the university level student and motivation and achievement level of male and female students was higher than that of female students. Another interesting fact was that from all these three aspects constituting the locus of motivation i.e. striving for excellence, desire to learn and personal incentives, the predominant aspect was personal incentives.