ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی تدوین نگاری
تخلیق اور تدوین کا رشتہ ازلی اور ابدی ہے۔تخلیق کی افادیت سے اسی وقت بہرہ مند ہواجا سکتا ہے جب وہ منظر عام پر آجائے ۔ تدوین کار ہی ایک ایسا شخص ہوتا ہے جو تخلیق کو ماضی کے گم گشتہ اوراق سے حال کے اُجالوں میں لے آتا ہے۔ یوں لوگ اس فن پارے کی قدرومنزلت ، فکری علویت اور فنی معراج سے حظ اُٹھانے کے لیے تدوین کار کے مرہونِ منت ہوتے ہیں۔اگر تدوین کا عمل معطل کردیا جائے تو کچھ عرصے بعد ادبی تاریخ بھی تعطل کا شکار ہو جائے گی اور نئی نسل کے لیے اس خلا کو پُرکرنا مشکل ہو جائے گا۔نعتیہ ادب کی روایت کے شعبہ تدوین میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کانام ایک درخشندہ ستارے کی طرح تابناک نظر آتا ہے۔ اُنھوں نے نعتیہ ادب کے چند بڑے ناموں کے کلیات مرتب کرکے نعتیہ روایت کو جس طرح تقویت فراہم کی ہے وہ یقینا ایک کارنامہ سرانجام دینے سے کم نہیں۔ ’’کلیات ریاض سہروردی، کلیات شاہ انصار الٰہ آبادی، ارمغانِ ریاض سہروردی، خوشبوئے ادیب، مقصودِ کائنات ، قصیدہ رسولِ تہامی، حرف حرف خوشبو، نزول، ساقی کوثر ، جشنِ آمد رسولؐ ، کلیاتِ عزیزالدین خاکی اور کلیات صبیح رحمانی‘‘اُن کے نمائندہ کاموں میں سے ہیں اور یہ سلسلہ ابھی جاری ہے۔
کلیات ریاض سہروردی
علامہ ریاض سہروردی کو اللہ رب العزت نے بہت ساری نعمتوں سے نوازا ہے۔ کوئی بھی شخص ہو جب وہ اپنے آپ کو اللہ اور رسول پاک صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی ثنا کے لیے وقف کردیتا ہے تو اللہ پاک بھی ایسے بندے کو خا ص لوگوں میں شمار کرلیتا ہے۔ انھیں میں سے ایک حضرت ریاض سہروردی ہیں جو بیک وقت نعت خواں، نعت گو، عالم دین صوفی مشرب، مریدو خدمت گزار، معلم ومدرس، مولف کتب، بانیِ...
Abstract Pakistan has celebrated seven decades of independence but misfortunately the nation is still divided into several ideologies, believes, ethnicities, regionalism, provincialism, political and social classes. Throughout the world, education plays a significant role in nation building but the terrible upshot in Pakistan is the division of nation in the field of education and learning. There are numerous umbrellas under which our educational system is running. Therefore, current study objects to measure educational stratification and its effect on nation building process in Pakistan. In this regard, this research mainly focuses on four major prevailing educational systems such as; privately managed schools, public schools, army public schools and madarsa (religious educational institution). Data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed by applying grounded approach theory. Four major themes emerged after data examination. These are uniformity of curricular, equal opportunities, political and bureaucratic involvement and lack of moral education. Study finds that education system is badly lacking in uniform ideology and moral learning. Furthermore, the poor system of education is negatively affecting nation building in Pakistan by enhancing public distrust, discrimination and regionalism. The results of the present study may be helpful in finding the way for uniform educational system which provide learning opportunities to every child without thinking of their caste, religion, language, economic class, political affiliation and ethnicity.
Various manifestations of English language including English for specific, academic and research purposes have been witnessed in the recent two decades owing to expansion of English as a global language (Mauranen, 2013; Crystal, 2012).These manifestations have led, in the recent years, register and genre based investigations on variations of language, culture and disciplines which have revealed distinct cognitive schema of the discourse practitioners. These investigations offered new discursive and pragmatic insights of exploring a current shift from text to text producers and text consumers as metadiscourse (Hyland, 2005). This focus has sensitized many researchers across languages, cultures and disciplines to investigate interactive and interactional patterns grounded in discourses in general and research discourses in particular (Hu, & Cao, 2015; Akbas, 2014). However, disciplinary variation of this twofold interaction needs to have more attention of the researchers (Hyland, 2017) to find out distinct set of metadiscursive attitudes and behaviors of different academic tribes. Therefore, the current study aims at exploring this two-way interactive phenomenon of negotiation, persuasion and engagement in a corpus of 354146 words comprising of 104 research articles published in Pakistani research journals from Hard Sciences and Soft Sciences. Hyland’s (2005) framework of interpersonal model was applied through an exclusive corpus tool i.e MetaPak (Abbas et al., 2017b) in the present study. Along with discovering prototypicality in intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary variation of metadiscourse, I found a new phenomenon of interpersonal role of author exclusivity in Pakistani research discourses. This new dimension of self-mention may serve as a significant framework for investigating interactive and interactional role of author exclusive pronouns. In addition, variation of metadiscourse found across disciplines of Hard Sciences and Soft Sciences in the current study also contributes in the existing exegeses of knowledge pertaining to metadiscourse. This disciplinary variation was found with various quantitative patterns. For example, Code Glosses were found the most dominant interactive metadiscursive strategy employed in both the fields of Hard Sciences and Soft Sciences. In this study I have identified and established few more forms of Code Glosses marked off by parentheses including numeric, acronyms, and abbreviation as sources of meaning elaboration. In addition, more employment of Evidentials in Soft Sciences than Hard Sciences with normalized values of 442.6 and 324.8 respectively were also noticed.And more importantly, the development of MetaPak as a result of this study would facilitate enhancing the research of metadiscourse.