توقیر اکرم کائرہ
پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی وسطی پنجاب قمر زمان کائرہ کا توقیر اکرم کائرہ شہید کو شہید محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو کی تحفظ کی خاطر 27دسمبر2007ء کو لیاقت باغ میں جام شہادت نوش کر نے پر سلام اور خراج عقیدت پیش کیا۔
اپنے پیغام میں ان کا کہنا تھا شہید رانی ،شہید توقیر کائرہ سمیت تمام جمہوری شہیدوں کی وطن عزیز میں جمہور ،جمہوریت کی بحالی اور ایک خوشحال ،ترقی یافتہ پاکستان کا خواب انشاء اﷲنوجوان قیادت جناب چیئر مین پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی بلاول بھٹو زرداری کی شکل میں پایہ تکمیل تک پہنچایا جائے گا ۔
آج وطن عزیز ایک مرتبہ پھر تاریخ کی مشکل ترین صورتِ حال سے دوچار ہے ۔پاکستان میں آج سیاسی ،معاشرتی ،معاشی اور اخلاقی فقدان نظر آ رہا ہے ۔ایک مرتبہ وطن عزیز کے مظلوم ، کسان ،مزدور ،غریب اور دیہاڑی دار طبقہ کی نظریں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے اوپر ہیں ۔انشاء اﷲپاکستان پیپلز پارٹی اپنی تاریخی ذمہ داری اداکرتے ہوئے وطن عزیز کے تمام مسائل کو حل کر کے قائد اعظم محمد علی جناح قائد عوام شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور شہید رانی محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو کا مشن جو ایک خوشحال ترقی یافتہ ،آئینی اور جمہوری پاکستان کا تھا انشاء اﷲ عوام کی طاقت سے تکمیل تک پہنچا کر دم لیں گے ۔
It is estimated by studying the history that the imagination of life was limited before the appearance of Islam. A new era started after the arrival of Islam. Revolution came in thoughts and ideas. Every department was effected even poetry, literature and language pleasantly effected. A revolution created in the Arabic literature after the revelation of the Holy Quran even it taught the rituals of representation of emotions along with facial and spiritual beauty to the Arabic literature. Arabic language is full of knowledge and thoughts of whole world today and the axis of Arabic language and literature is the Holy Quran. The resources of ignorant literature which we get today was collected to save and understand the language of the Holy Quran. For example to eliminate the linguistic flaws, grammar science came into being and rhetoric science came into being to prove Quranic miracle and language and literature came into being to explain the poor words, and Hadith, tafseer, fiqah and other sciences came into being for religious laws. The Holy Quran changed the direction of literature towards justice, service to humanity and support of right and truth and chastity and modesty and God-worship. It gave appropriate dignified styles to explain every topic and invited to work by using reasons and thoughts. Arabic language is effected by the Holy Quran in such a way that it softened the hard and ruthless hearts of Arabs and made the surface wisdom heavy and solid by entering in it. Could not get effected by Holy Quran as the level which prose got benefit. The prose got more shine in the time of Khulafa-e-rashidin when victories increased, boundaries of Islamic state expanded and political and developmental issues increased. It is a fact that Arabic prose got too high as compared to the Arabic poetry due to the Holy Quran.
One of the challenges for efficient and low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is the development of suitable cost- effective counter electrode (CE) materials. CE must be able to accept and release electrons efficiently. Platinum is generally used as catalytic CE for redox mediators in electrolyte solution. Unfortunately, platinum is expensive and non-sustainable for long-term applications. Therefore, researchers are developing low-cost and earth abundant alternatives. In this study, the composites of polymer (Polyaniline and Polypyrrole) with metals (silver, gold, copper) were synthesized by electrodeposition technique. These composites were tested for potential use as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CE in DSSCs. Compared to the bare polymer CE, metal/polymer composite (silver/polyaniline, gold/polyaniline, copper/polyaniline, silver/polypyrrole, gold/polypyrrole and copper/polypyrrole) CEs show a high electrocatalytic activity for I3−/I− redox reaction, demonstrated by higher cathodic peak currents, lower values of peak to peak separation, and greater exchange current densities. The large electrocatalytic activity is of great significance for improving the efficiency of DSSCs. Among the different metal/polymer composites, copper/polypyrrole composite based DSSC exhibits a highest power conversion efficiency of 7.42%. This power conversion efficiency is also greater than a thermally decomposed Pt based DSSC (6.18%). The improved efficiency of the DSSC is due to following aspects: Firstly, polypyrrole film shows a porous surface that leads to improve the electrolyte/electrode interaction, employing additional electrocatalytic sites for the reduction of triiodide. Secondly, the high electron-transport network formed by the Cu nanorods on polypyrrole surface is also responsible for enhanced efficiency. This highlighted the importance of the large surface area, good accessibility of electrolyte into the CE, and appropriate conductivity of composite material, underlining a synergetic effect between polymer and metal nanostructures. The main limitation of DSSC is, however, the heavy, expensive, and inflexible transparent conducting glass typically used as CE substrate. To address this problem, this study concentrates on the transfer of the DSSC technology from transparent conducting glass substrates to light- weight, cost-efficient and flexible stainless steel sheet as CE substrate.