Socio-Cultural Analysis of Moral Ethics Syllabi at Under-Graduate Level to Manage the Blasphemy Issue in Pakistan

In the context of blasphemy issue, the present study examines the socio-cultural elements in the Moral Ethics syllabi functional at the different universities of Pakistan. As per our hypothesis, ME syllabi lack some important socio-cultural elements responsible for handling hate crimes, especially the issue of blasphemy. For testing the proposed hypothesis, available ME syllabi were collected from the official websites of different universities. Collected ME syllabi were examined through the method of content analysis. After examining literature review, necessary socio-cultural factors (SCFs) were listed and the selected syllabi were evaluated through this list of SCFs. Our study findings endorse the primary hypothesis that majority of universities has adopted the foreign model of ME syllabi without adapting them according to indigenous social and cultural needs. Additionally, the most important SCFs; knowledge of blasphemy laws (KBL) and real-life dilemmas (RLD), are mostly absent in the existing ME syllabi.

New Software Testing Strategy

The research undertaken presents three new and improved software testing strategies which could be applied to any type of organizational information systems. It is expected that it will provide considerable assistance to the system testers/ developers. The three proposed testing strategies are as under: • Metric Space Based Software Testing Strategy (MSSTS). • Hypothetical Database Testing Strategy (HDTS). • Quantum Computing Based Software Testing Strategy (QCSTS). The first testing strategy is based on Metric Space, a well known mathematical topic from “Functional Analysis”. We have developed formal notation “Formal Notation for Requirements Specification (FRS), a test environment (Test-bed), and a set of algorithms/tools”. The testing strategy will provide immense confidence / assistance to software testers and system developers and can be conveniently applied to both scientific function as well as organizational systems. The second testing strategy is based on Hypothetical database, a quite new concept in the field of software testing. Using the knowledge of the concepts of Independent Update views (IUVs) and differential table (DT) we have created a new Hypothetical database state (HS).