DOSE-DEPENDENT ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CITRUS PARADISI IN REHABILITATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

With advancement in the modern world, psychological issues, including anxiety and depression has become the leading cause of mental illness. Herbal products have been explored to observe their effects in helping such conditions and citrus fruits are found to be among these helping tools. To study this, current research was designed to explore the antidepressant effects of Citrus paradisi in various doses on rodents. Swiss Albino mice were used and fresh extract of Citrus paradisi was prepared. Imipramine was used as the standard drug. Ethical approval was taken from the Board of Advanced Studies, University of Karachi. The animals were divided into controlled, standard and test groups. All the animals were recruited from the animal house of University of Karachi. Forced Swimming Test was used to analyses the efficacy. It is a standard test, which is commonly used to evaluate the behavioral response in animals using a cylinder at room temperature. After the completion of dosing and monitoring the animals for 30 days, it was observed that marked improvement in the test animal’s behavior with significant p-values indicating that the extract has improved the animal’s psychological response towards the external stress and animals showed noteworthy improvement in the mobile phase as compared to the immobile phase. It can be concluded from the experimental results that protocol established in this study can be used as an alternative for patients suffering with depression as an herbal option, keeping in mind the other co morbidities of patient and drug interactions of Citrus paradisi.

Social Entrepreneurship& Social Entrepreneurs of Lahore.

The present study was conducted to examine the performance of social entrepreneurs (NGOs) of Lahore in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social entrepreneurs (NGOs) on income level, standard of living and empowerment of those people who are getting facilitated by social entrepreneur's work, namely Beneficiaries'. The study was further divided into two studies. In both studies work of social entrepreneurs (NGO's) was the independent variable (x) and income levels (y1), standard of living (y2) and empowerment (y3) of vulnerable groups like children, women, religious minorities, and those who live below the poverty line were the dependent variables in order to get a clearer picture of the phenomena. In the study, purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from executives of the NGOs whereas in study II, data was collected from 250 beneficiaries of selected NGOs. Descriptive analysis was used to analysis the responses of respondents. It was extracted from this research that social entrepreneurs have a positive effect on the income levels, standard of living and empowerment of poor people. A large number of poor people came out of poverty and even became self-employed. Now people are even able to save some money from their incomes. Current research would be beneficial for social entrepreneurs and related population.