معین الدین حارث
( سید شہاب الدین دسنوی)
۳۱؍ جولائی ۱۹۸۳ء کو ممبئی میں معین الدین حارث کا انتقال ہوگیا۔ ان کا ماتم سیاسی، تعلیمی اور سماجی حلقوں میں منایا گیا۔ دلی میں جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کی درسگاہیں بند ہوگئیں۔ شریف آف ممبئی نے شہریوں کی جانب سے تعزیتی جلسہ طلب کیا۔ سابق وزیر اعظم مرارجی ڈیسائی، اشوک مہتا، ایس۔پی۔گودریج، پروفیسر مدھو ڈنڈوتے، میر آف ممبئی اور دوسرے مقررین نے خارج عقیدت پیش کیا۔ ممبئی میونسپل کارپوریشن اورکئی دوسرے اداروں نے تعزیتی قرارداد منظور کر کے اپنے اجلاس ملتوی کردیئے۔ جہاں تک انجمن اسلام کا تعلق ہے (جس کے حارث صاحب کئی سال سے صدر ہوتے چلے آرہے تھے) اس پر تو گویا یتیمی چھاگئی۔ یہ سب کچھ ایک ایسے آدمی کے لیے ہوا۔ جس نے زندگی بھر دوسروں کو دیا۔ خود کچھ نہیں لیا۔
معین الدین حارث ممبئی کے مضافاتی علاقہ نالا سُپارہ کے رہنے والے تھے، جہاں کوکنی مسلمانوں کی اچھی خاصی آبادی ہے۔ پچپن سے سیاسی تحریک سے دلچسپی رہی سرکاری اسکول کی تعلیم ترک کرکے قوم کی طرف سے کھولے گئے اسکول میں داخل ہوئے اور جب جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ قائم ہوئی تو وہاں چلے گئے اور ۱۹۲۷ء میں بی، اے کیا۔ خوش قسمتی سے انھیں مولانا محمد علی جوہر، ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین، پروفیسر محمد مجیب، ڈاکٹر سید عابد حسین، مولانا، اسلم جبراجپوری، مولانا سواتی، خواجہ عبدالحئی فاروقی اور کیلاٹ صاحب جیسے مخلص، بلند کردار اور علم و فضل کے درخشندہ ستارے استاد ملے، جن کی تعلیم اور اعلیٰ اخلاق کا رنگ ان پر ایسا چڑھا کہ تادم حیات قائم رہا۔
بی۔ اے کرلینے کے بعد حارث صاحب نے ممبئی میں اجمل پریس قائم کیا اور روزنامہ اجمل جاری کیا جو سالہا سال ان کی ادارت میں چلتا رہا۔
ممبئی میں میونسپل کارپوریشن لیجسلیٹو کونسل، مرکزی حج کمیٹی ، ممبئی یونیورسٹی کی سینٹ...
With the growing economic industry, the importance of bill discounting is not obscured any more. It is undoubtedly one of the most important tools of trade financing. Now it has become very easy for importers and exporters to sale any product to a complete stranger anywhere in the world and get the bill against it discounted before its maturity date. That is why this tool is in the practice of all conventional banks. But regarding to shār’iah rulings its prevailed practice in conventional banks is not shār’iah compliance as this transaction consists of debt sale and interest. But due to it’s vitally need, Jurists of Islamic shār’iah have stepped forward with its different alternatives based on Můrabaha, Wākalāh, Můshāārkāh and Bāy’ Sālām in currency. In this article we have covered the causes behind the shār’iah rulings of prevailed bill discounting in conventional banks and addressed the Bāy’ Sālām as an alternative in currencies and its executive model in Islamic banks. Furthermore I have discussed the different opinions of modern scholars regarding these issues.
Paramphistomiasis is one of the most pathogenic diseases of domestic animals causing heavy economic losses to the livestock industry accounting for several million rupees annually. Epidemiological study was undertaken at slaughter houses, in sheep and goats of four different districts of Punjab province. Infection rate in sheep was 20.7, 13.3, 30.2 and 25.2 per cent at Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Sialkot, respectively, whereas, in goats it was 12.6, 7.6, 23.3 and 16.7 %, respectively. It was noted that in these entire four districts infection rate was the highest during the months of August – September, while the lowest in December. As regard the overall season-wise prevalence, it was the highest during autumn followed by summer, while the lowest during spring. As regard the age-wise prevalence, it was higher in younger animals than in adults. Infection was slightly higher in males than females. Area-wise prevalence indicated that it was the highest at Gujranwala district followed by Sialkot then Sargodha, whereas the lowest at Faisalabad district. Snails have been known to play an important role as intermediate hosts for helminth parasites of animals, birds, man and fishes. Geo-climatic conditions of Punjab and utilization of rivers as a source of irrigation play an important role in dissemination of these snails. For early detection of disease the PCR method was found to be useful. Snails belonging to Pulmonata and Prosobranchia classes were collected from Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Sialkot districts. The prevalence of snails was the highest at Gujranwala followed by Sialkot then Sargodha while the lowest at Faisalabad. Seven genera of snails were identified i.e. Lymnaea, Indoplanorbis, Bulinus, Physa, Gyraulus, Bellamaya and Oncomelania. As regard the season wise prevalence of snails, it was the highest during summer followed by autumn then winter, whereas the lowest during spring. Meteorological factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall and pan evaporation played very important role on the causation and spread of disease and snails. Therapeutic trials by using Cannabis sativa, Centratherum anthelminiticum, Nicotiana tabacum and Oxyclozanide were conducted. For these trials eighty animals were used in eight controlled experiments to compare the efficacy of certain indigenous drugs, with an allopathic drug (Oxyclozanide) against Paramphistomiasis. Efficacy of the drugs was measured by determining the difference of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) before and after treatment. Cannabis sativa after administration of a single dose of 50 and 60 mg/kg body weight reduced EPG by 52.23 and 57.44 per cent, respectively. After the administration of second dose the reduction in EPG was 79.16 and 81.2 per cent, respectively. Efficacy of Centratherum anthelminiticum at rate of 50 and 60 mg/kg body weight was 48 and percent, respectively whereas efficacy at two dose level was 82.60 and 89.36 per cent, respectively. Nicotiana tabacum at 50 and 60 mg/kg body weight was 47.82 and 50 per cent effective respectively, whereas efficacy at two dose levels was 78.23 and 84.07 percent respectively. Oxyclozanide at one and two dose levels was 83.5 and 95.65 per cent effective, respectively. The efficacy order was Oxyclozanide Centratherum anthelminticum, Nicotiana tabacum and Cannabis sativa, No side effects were noted due to the use of any of these plant origin drug.