مولانا محمد ابراہیم بلیاوی
ابھی مولانا شاہ وصی اﷲ صاحبؒ کا غم تازہ تھا کہ ایک اور بزرگ ہستی کا سایہ اٹھ گیا، رمضان المبارک کے آخری عشرہ میں مولانا محمد ابراہیم صاحب بلیاوی صدر مدرس دارالعلوم دیوبند نے وفات پائی مرحوم اس دور کے نامور عالم دین اور صاحب تقویٰ بزرگ تھے تقریباً نصف صدی تک دینی علوم کے درس کی خدمت انجام دی اور ان کے چشمۂ فیض سے ہزاروں تشنگان علم سیراب ہوئے، ان کی وفات سے علم و عمل، درس و تدریس اور تدین و تقویٰ کی ایک بڑی یادگار مٹ گئی اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے مدارج بلند فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۶۸ء)
Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the relationship between body image, self-esteem and academic behavior amongst adolescent girls living in Karachi, Pakistan and simultaneously explore the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship of the other two variables. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 400 adolescent girls belonging to a selected community of Karachi, Pakistan. Pre-validated tools, Body Shape Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Academic Behavior Scale were used for data collection of the study. The data was then analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: The results proved significant associations between all three variables with p<0.05. Moreover, a partially mediating role of self-esteem was noticed to be causing 74.8% variation in the relationship between body image and academic behavior. Conclusion: As per the study findings, body image, self-esteem and academic behavior of adolescent girls residing in Karachi, Pakistan are associated with each other. It was also concluded that higher body image dissatisfaction may lead to poor self-esteem which in turn negatively impacts the positive academic behavior of the girls. Hence, representing a mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship. Overall, parents, educators, academic professionals, counselors and healthcare professionals can benefit from the study findings to positively play their parts in improving the lives of adolescents around them.
The term discipline', especially classroom discipline is an essential component in the teaching and learning process in schools. There is no single definition of this term, on which, the teachers and teacher educators have built a consensus. Much of the current literature discusses teaching opportunities that enable children to learn how to develop self-discipline, and to handle problems that arise within the school system. This contrasts with the authoritarian approach to discipline, that appears to be prevalent in most of the schools. The above two perspectives indicate that no consensus has been reached as far as definition and maintenance of discipline is concerned. This study was conducted to find out the existing approach to discipline in one of the private secondary schools in Karachi. For this purpose the qualitative case study approach was adopted where the data was collected through interviews, observations and documentary analysis. A number of key stakeholders (discussed in chapter three) were interviewed about their views of school discipline and their approach to maintain the discipline. The whole study revolves around Faris' (1996), view of discipline, as he argues, Today educators have moved away from trying to control students behaviour and instead focus on the teaching process to create, implement and maintain a classroom environment that supports learning The findings of the study indicate that there is a consistency in stakeholders expectations about what discipline is, and what discipline is for. The school has set certain rules and subsequent reward systems, which have been made known to stakeholders. The study further indicates that the school maintains discipline through: Empowering teachers and students by giving them leading responsibilities in various academic and co-curricular councils within the school and also supports students' learning by creating an appropriate learning environment. In addition, the school organizes professional development programmes for its staff and informs and involves parents in solving discipline- related problems in school. There is a monitoring and follow-up of the students' social skills. At classroom levels, the teachers have a pro-active approach to discipline. Lastly, the turnover of teachers, high ratio of students, especially in primary classes and some strict rules at pre-primary level, were found to be the challenging factors.