اسلام میں امن اور دہشت گردی کا تصور: ایک علمی اور تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam is the religion of peace as is evident from the very meaning of  the word Islam which is derived from root word \" salam\" meaning peace and obedience. The advent of Islam has been a pannaca for all humanity and, ever since its inception, it has the distinction of contributing more and more to the betterment and progress of humanity. Its statute is crystal clear over all religions and systems. But unfortunately, there has been a systematic campaign to present Islam as a religion of violence. The  orientalists who tend  to misinterpret Islam by relying on some injunctions without looking into their specific context. The international media, under the influence of Jews, is also spreading a false propaganda. Moreover, certain elements with in Islamic world are also providing ample opportunity for the same. In such circumstances there is a dire  need to present the true spirit of Islam but such attempts are lacking in the Muslim world despite that it is one  of the major concern, This research paper is an attempt to present Islam in its true spirit in light of holy Quran and Sunnah. It is hoped that it would pave way for further research in the field.

Production and Optimization of Pectinase from Pomelo Through Solid State-Fermentation

Pectinase recognized as an industrial important enzymes which occupies 10 percent in enzyme production of world while 25 percent of food production. While keeping in view in the light of above scenario the study was design to produce pectinase from local agro wastes. The Pomelo (Citrus Grandis) was considered as novel substrate for pectinase production through solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. In first portion of this study, the OFAT (one factor at a time) was opted for optimizing the conditions of temperature, pH and time period for pectinase production. While the other factor was optimized thorugh RSM-DOE (Respone Surface Methadology), a statistical tool for the analysis of variant factor on pectinase activity. About 14 RSM trial were conducted by employing following condition i.e. Substrate (3-28g), inoculum level (1.5-7.5ml) nitrogen (0.625-1.375g), moisture (5-105%). The highest activity of pectinase was observed at pH (5), temperature (30 ?C), incubation day (4 ) by OFAT. In RSM maximum activity at 279.2 U/mL were achieved at optimize temperature 30 ?C, pH 5, day 4 th , moisture level 30%, inoculum size 6ml, substrate 3g and nitrogen level at 0.250g. For purification, ammonium sulphate, dialysis and gel chramatograpghy was performed. The results indicates that at 60% ammounium sulphate precipitation was achieved with specific enzyme activity at 0.856U/mg recorded after purification. Present finding proved that Pomelo peel was abundant and cheap source for production at commercial.