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Issues of Unemployment, Student Unions and Standard of Higher Education in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Lal Zada Safi

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

52.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 378 LAI; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710176440

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اماں ملی نہ ، ترستے رہے اماں کے لیے

اماں ملی نہ، ترستے رہے اماں کے لیے
تو زہر پی لیا تسکینِ جسم و جاں کے لیے

ہے میرے سر کو فقط تیرے نقشِ پا کی طلب
مری جبیں ہے ترے سنگِ آستاں کے لیے

خدا کرے کہ یہ ان آندھیوں سے بچ جائے
کہ تنکا تنکا جو رکھا ہے آشیاں کے لیے

نگاہِ بد سے بچے حسن کا وہ صدقہ دے
یہ مشورہ ہے مرا میرے مہرباں کے لیے

وہ ایک ایک مسافر نگاہ میں رکھے
بہت ضروری ہے یہ میرِ کارواں کے لیے

غم حیات کا سورج ہے سر پہ تو کیا غم
کسی کی یاد ہی کافی ہے سائباں کے لیے

چمن کو چھوڑ کے جانے لگے ہیں تائبؔ جی
قسم خدا کی یہ مژدہ ہے باغباں کے لیے

مختلف ادیان میں سزاؤں کا تصور اور اسلامی حدود پر غیر انسانی ہونے کے الزام کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Many people propagate about the Islamic Hudūd i.e. Punish against crimes stated in the Holy Quran. They are of the view that the Islamic Hudūd punishments are more severe, cruel a brutal. Although it a propaganda against Islam. This negative propaganda is an obstacle, hindrance in the way of enforcement of Hudūd. If the Islamic Hudūd are compared with the other Religions, punishments for different crimes, which have been mentioned in their books and Religious history, they are either similar or more sever and brutal than Islamic Hudūd, i.e. Punishment. It show that more sever & cruel punishments against crimes were present in heavenly and man-made Religious before Islam. The research under consideration is about the comparison and contrast between Islamic punishments and the punishments present the international or worldly Religions so that it may be cleared to the whole world that only Islam is a Religion in the world that no other Religion can compete regarding prevention of crimes. It will highlight the sublimity and loftiness of Islam and also make it clear the fact of hollow, attractive slogans of the present modern time.

Identification and Functional Characterization of P2- Type Calcium Atpases in Selected Species of Gramineae

Calcium and manganese perform various important biological functions within the plant body, including signal transduction, proper cell wall formation, photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation etc. Calcium and manganese exist in the form of ions within cells. P2- type calcium ATPases are responsible for maintaining homeostasis of these ions in both domains of life. P2- type ATPases are further divided into P2A (ECAs) and P2B- types (ACAs). In present research work, BLAST searches in different databases were conducted for the retrieval of calcium ATPase sequences of selected monocots and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Furthermore, Triticum aestivum plants were grown under calcium and manganese stress using hydroponic culture. The tissue generated was used to find out the expression of selected P2A and P2B- type calcium ATPases under manganese and calcium stress. Moreover, an ECA3 construct was generated and it was transformed into yeast model (Pmr1) to find out the possible role of this gene in manganese nutrition. Overall, phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of evolutionary relatedness among P2- type calcium ATPases. High expression of selected ACAs was observed in T. aestivum plants grown under calcium stress, which gave clues to the role of ACAs in signal transduction in T. aestivum. High expression of selected T. aestivum ECAs under calcium and manganese stress was also observed which may indicate the potential roles of these ATPases in calcium and manganese nutrition in T. aestivum. Additionally, ECA3 gene (which is a P2A- type ATPase) was amplified using T. aestivum cDNA and sequenced subsequently. The data indicated that it retained introns in some of the transcripts. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that events of intron retention in ECA3 transcripts were much enhanced when plants were exposed to calcium stress. ECA3 construct was further transformed into yeast mutant Pmr1, which is a null mutant for xi its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species. its own manganese pump and cannot grow on high manganese concentration in the medium. Interestingly, ECA3 rescued the phenotype and helped the mutant to grow successfully on manganese toxic media. This further indicated, the importance of ECA3 in manganese translocation in T. aestivum. Hence, ECA3 gene is reported here as first P2A- type pump identified in T. aestivum and is required for manganese management in this species.