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Needs and Trends in Primary Education in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Hussain

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

38.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 379.15 MUN; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710229326

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1۔عوام میں مذہبی جوش و جذ بہ کی قلت

1۔عوام میں مذہبی جوش و جذ بہ کی قلت
پاکستان میں ابھی ایسا ماحول نظر نہیں آ رہا جو دینی احکام پر عمل درآمد کے لیے سازگار ہو۔ دینی احکام و اسلامی قوانین کا نفاذ اور ان پر عملدرآمد ایک بہت بڑی ذمہ داری ہے ۔ اس ذمہ داری کو پورا کرنے کے لیے ہمت اور جذبہ کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ عوام میں وہ جذبہ اور حوصلہ ابھی ناپید ہے۔ یہ جذبہ اور حوصلہ پیدا کرنا صرف مذہبی و اخلاقی اداروں کا کام نہیں اور نہ صرف حکومتوں کا کام ہے ، بلکہ یہ ہم سب کا ہے ۔ ہم میں سے کتنے لوگ ایسے ہیں جو اپنے ذاتی مفاد ات کی وجہ سے شریعت سے پہلو تہی کرنا شروع کردیتے ہیں ؟ ایسے لوگ کتنے ہیں جو سال ختم ہونے پر رمضان شریف کا مہینہ شروع ہونے سے پہلے بینکوں سے رقم اس لیے نکلوا لیتے ہیں، تاکہ ان کا مال زکوۃ کی ادائیگی کے نتیجے میں کم نہ ہوجائے؟ ۔ کتنے لوگ ہیں جنہیں اگر کہا جائے کہ اس دوا ئی میں آپ کی بیماری کا علاج موجود ہے، لیکن اس میں شراب یا کوئی اور حرام مواد پایا جاتا ہے ، تو وہ اس سے رک جائیں؟۔ کسی بھی فلاحی اور جمہوری معاشرے میں اسلام کے عملی نفاذ کی اصل طلب اور جوش و جذ بہ عوام کی طرف سے ہونا چاہیے ۔ جب تک وہ اس بارے میں گرم جوشی اور طلب کا مظاہرہ نہیں کریں گے، اس وقت تک حدود و قصاص قوانین کے نفاذ میں صحیح پیش رفت نہیں ہو سکتی ۔

Socio-Economic Effects of Rampant Divorce in Nigeria: The Northern Muslims Scenario

Divorce seems to be more socially accepted nowadays and it is the most won issue in the modern world. Divorce in the family always signals dangers and insecurity in the society. Findings have indicated that divorce has negative impact on spouses as well as the development of children in the society, and it leads to number of social problems such as prostitution by young ladies. It will be difficult for a woman to cater for all the basic needs of the child single handedly. It will grow up demoralized. He suffers different types of deprivations including parental love, care and affection. Such children grow up humiliated and heartless. They resort to various crimes such as robbery, rope, arson and other related wrong doings. It is also observed that, divorce has a negative impact on man too, men cannot really make their feelings vocal. The stress involved in the divorce can cause lack of sleep, depression, fatigue and listlessness; a divorce can have numerous psychological implications as well. The methodological approach used in this paper is descriptive, prescriptive and annalistic; meanwhile the method of data collection is historical and empirical.

Economic Cooperation Organization As a Regional Organization: Problems and Prospects

Regionalism emerged in international politics after the World War II, but the end of Cold War has significantly impacted on global politics and regionalism. It is a new phenomenon and nowadays it is difficult to find a country that is not a member of at least one regional organization. Even some of them are the members of more than one regional organizations and international organizations. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) as a regional organization established by Pakistan, Iran and Turkey in1985, but after the Cold War Central Asian countries also joined the Organization and ECO expanded with a new situation. In this study to better explain and analyze regionalism in ECO, nefunctionalism, interdependence and liberal intergovernmentalism theories are examined and used together in the context of globalization. It seems that non of theory alone can explain the perfect situation of the region. The advance of technology and information revolution have considerably accelerated globalization and vice versa. Consequently interdependence amongst nations also has been increasing. Such conditions have affected to rise regionalism as a requirement of nations to promote their interests through regionalism particularly after the Cold War. Thus globalization is a main driver of regionalism, however there is interaction between globalization, regionalism and nation-states. The nation-states can manage to take the best advantages of globalization age and remain as an important actor. In globalization age, economic interdependence between the members on the one hand and interdependence between the regions and countries on the another hand have considerably affected on the shape and progress of ECO. Common historical heritage, culture, social and many other factors also have impacted on ECO. Geo-economic and geostrategic locations of ECO also have had important role in the establishment of the organization. The region is very rich in oil and gas which are the main factors of development. Globalization, growth of technology and economic development of EU, China and India''s have impacted on the requirement of energy. These countries have been suffering from shortage of energy and ECO can help them out their energy crisis. Moreover ECO members are also dependent on manufacturing and technology of advance countries like EU, China and other countries. Thus although the process of regionalism in ECO is not fast like EU, interdependence in energy, trade and many other factors within the region and outside the region can drive an push integration not only in the region but also with the other regions and countries.