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Okuns Law for Pakistan Economy

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Hussain

Supervisor

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood

Program

MSc

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

49

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

Call No: 338.95491 HUO; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710238624

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قاضی اطہر مبارکپوری

قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری
ماہِ صفر المظفر ۱۴۱۷ھ کے اواخر میں ہندوستان وبیرون ہندوستان کی اہم علمی ومذہبی شخصیت قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری کی وفات سے دل ودماغ ہل کر رہ گیا۔ قاضی صاحب مرحوم کی شخصیت کاتصوراتی خاکہ ہروقت نظروں کے سامنے گھوم پھر رہاہے وہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی میں تشریف لاتے اوراپنی خداداد قابلیت وافکار سے دفتر میں موجود ہرشخص کومتاثر کردیتے۔
قاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کاقبلہ ابّاجان مفکّر ملّت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانی ؒ سے دارالعلوم دیوبند کے زمانہ طالب علمی ہی سے خصوصی تعلق ولگاؤ رہا ہے۔ حضرت مفتی صاحبؒ نے ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی میں ان کو بلاکر ان سے کئی علمی وادبی کتابیں تصنیف کرائیں۔قاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کی تاریخ خلافت عبّاسیہ، تاریخ خلافت راشدہ، تاریخ بنوامّیہ، دیار یورپ جیسی اہم کتابیں ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی ہی سے شائع ہوئیں اورعلمی حلقے میں قبولیت کاباعث بنی۔
ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی سے وابستگی سے قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری کی شخصیت علمی وادبی حلقوں خصوصاً عالم اسلام میں خوب خوب متعارف ہوئی۔احقر نے رسالہ ’’برہان‘‘ دہلی کے صفحہ اوّل پرقاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کانام نمایاں طور پر شائع کرانے کا اہتمام رکھا جس سے میرا قاضی صاحب سے لگاؤ وانسیت کاپتہ چلتاہے۔
قاضی صاحب کی علمی خدمات کے لیے صدر جمہوریہ ہند نے عربی اسکالرشپ کااعزاز خصوصی بھی دیا۔ بہت ساری خوبیوں، صلاحیتوں، قابلیت کے باوجود قاضی صاحب انکساری کے پیکر مجسم تھے۔مفتی صاحبؒ کے انتقال کے بعد دفتر ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی سے برابر رابطہ وتعلق قائم رکھا اورراقم عمید الرحمان عثمانی کی موقع بہ موقع تعریف وستائش کرتے رہے۔ جس سے احقر راقم عمیدالرحمان عثمانی کے لگن وجذبہ اورحوصلہ میں اضافہ ہی ہوا۔
بہرکیف قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری بڑی نیک وبرگزیدہ شخصیت تھے۔ان کی وفات سے تاریخ کاایک زریّن علمی باب بند ہوگیا ہے۔ اﷲ رب العزت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے۔آمین!
ادارہ ندوۃ...

Human Capital and Foreign Direct Investment: Lessons for Pakistan

Foreign direct investment plays a key role in economic development of all countries. Because of its enormous importance, a large number of empirical studies has focused on finding out the factors determining foreign direct investment. Level of human capital development is one of the major factors influencing foreign inflows. However, earlier studies examining impact of human capital on foreign investment inflows has majorly used literacy rate, school enrolment and government spending on education as its proxies. This paper also examines the impact of human capital as determinant of foreign direct investment. Contrary to earlier empirical studies, it uses cognitive skills as proxy for human capital. Cognitive skills measure the quality of education instead of literacy rate or government spending on education as proxy for human capital. Results indicate that human capital has significant positive effect on foreign direct investment for sample countries. This result is robust to disaggregated data for developed and developing countries. Other factors that determine foreign direct investment inflows are inflation, capital account openness, trade account openness and real income. Based on empirical results, it is recommended that the relevant authorities must make human capital as part and parcel of strategies aimed at augmenting economic growth in the country. There is also a lesson for a developing country like Pakistan to focus more on quality of education instead of school enrolment or education spending for attracting foreign direct investment to boost economic activity (J.E.L Classification Codes: O4, O15, P22).

A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub- Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto

A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub- Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto In Pakistan there are several languages which are spoken in different regions as mother tongues. There are four major regional languages i.e. Balochi, Pashto, Punjabi and Sindhi.'In addition to these, Urdu is used as a lingua franca and the national language of the country. Language change is an established phenomenon; it changes horizontally (regionally) as well as vertically (socially) and naturally the same goes for the English language too which is used as a second language in our country. Since Ll influence is a reality, each regional language of the country influences the English language in its own right when it is used by Pakistanis from different regions. In this way, there emerge different varieties of the English language in Pakistan which need to be identified, explored and studied in detail to highlight similarities and differences in them. It will help in getting Pakistani English recognized the world over as a distinct variety and it will project our beautiful indigenous linguistic treasure too. It will help in identifying those difficulties which the speakers of different regional languages face when they learn English. The present study is an effort in this connection with regard to the Pashto language. The phonology of English spoken by Pakistani Pashto speaking people of the country is the focal point of this work. To be able to do it first the participants' loud reading in English was recorded and transcribed to mark all the deviations manifested in their pronunciation. Finally those deviations were judged against the British Standard English (RP) applying Contrastive Analysis (CA). It was done so because in Pakistan we do not have one variety of English accepted and recognized by all. The possible reasons of the deviations found, have also been shown up to facilitate Pashto speaking learners of English. At the end different suggestions and recommendations have been given to address those problems which are within our capacity.