اختلاف الدلالات للكلمات المشتركة بين العربية والأردية وأثره في تعليم اللغة العربية

Arabic language is a family member of Semitic languages whereas Urdu is the member of Indo-European Languages. The Arabic language though is not from the same language family but amazingly it provides much of its share through alphabets, words with its meanings and pronunciation. These features of both languages have provoked to study it under the contrastive linguistics through semantic study of commonly used words. This research is a semantic study of commonly used words in both languages of different language family along with the applied linguistics in Language teaching. There are large numbers of Arabic words that are used in Urdu language and there are significant numbers of words that are used in different meanings, this change in meaning led to change in semantic field. This research paper also study the effect of semantic change of these words on Arabic Language teaching to the Pakistani students whose native language is Urdu. This study will also reveal the reasons of errors during language learning with the help of semantic study if commonly used words.

A Novel Architecture to Integrate Multi-Sourcedatain Distributed Environment

The amount of data has been increasing over the last few years due to the emergence of various end-user applications. These applications utilize cloud computing infrastructure in the data centers. Apart from the increasing volume of data, there are other factors such as variety, velocity, and veracity of the data which result in the problem of big data. Traditional database management systems are not efficient to handle big data. The use of big data platform is necessary to resolve the big data problem. Hadoop is one of the platforms which resolve the problem of big data. Hadoop uses a distributed storage system. Hive and HBase are some of the big data tools for storing big data in Hadoop. They run on top of Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS). Hive is a data warehouse framework for querying and analysis of data that is stored in HDFS.?Hive?is an open-source software that lets programmers analyze large data sets on Hadoop. HBase is a column-oriented, distributed and high fault-tolerant database. It is used to store and manage big data. It can store billions of rows at a time. Both Hive and HBase can be used to store the big data in Hadoop. When the data comes from multiple sources, it is stored into multiple tables in Hive and HBase. As a result, its performance degrades when there is a need to perform join operations. In this thesis, we propose an architecture which stores data from multiple sources into a single HBase table. A new table schema with a unique row key is designed which integrates multi-source data in a table. There is no need to perform join operation in the proposed technique as the data is integrated into a single HBase table. We evaluated the proposed technique using a real testbed by considering a dataset of two publishers. We compare the performance by storing data into Hive and also in the proposed HBase table. Results show improved query performance of the proposed technique as compared to the traditional approach of using join operations in multiple tables in Hive.