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Pakistan Television Corporation Limited Islamabad

Thesis Info

Author

Ghulam Mustafa

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1996

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

63

Subject

Management & Auxiliary Services

Language

English

Other

Call No: 658 GHP; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710250174

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نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا

نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا
شہرت ، ناموری ، سروری یہ ایسے حروف ہیں جس کا ہرشخص خواہاں رہتا ہے۔ جیسے ہی شباب کی کلیاں چٹخناشروع ہو جاتی ہیں ناموری کی آرزو انگڑائیاں لیناشروع کر دیتی ہے۔ اور پھر بتدریج اس میں اضافہ ہوتا جاتا ہے۔ لیکن نامور بننے اور شہرت وعروج کے منصب پر فائز ہونے کے لیے سخت محنت اور مشقت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کے لیے راتوں کو دن بنانا ہوتا ہے، وقت کی قربانی دینی پڑتی ہے، جہد مسلسل کا عادی بننا ہوتا ہے۔ حصول عظمت کی خاطر سخت جدوجہد انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔
دنیا و مافیھا میں ہر ذوی العقول خواہ وہ گورا ہو، پست قد ہو، طویل القامت ہو، دبلا پتلا ہو یالحیم شحیم ہو، یہودی ہو، نصرانی ہو یا آتش پرست ہو، الغرض جس مسلک یا مشرب سے منسلک ہو اس بات کا وہ ضرور معترف کہ اگر کوئی عظمت، آن بان اور تفوق کے سہرے سے اپنے آپ کو سجانا چاہتا ہے تو وہ صرف اور صرف محنت اور مشقّت سے ہی ایسا کر سکتا ہے۔
فرمانِ باری تعالیٰ ہے’’ انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لیے وہ کوشش کرتا ہے اور محنت کرتا ہے‘‘
بنی نوع انسان کی تاریخ کے اوراق کا اگر مطالعہ کریں اور بسلسلہ مشاہدہ چشم بینا وا کر یں تو یہ بات اظہر من الشمس ہے کہ جن سلف صالحین اور نابغۂ روزگار ہستیوں نے نام پیدا کیا وہ شب و روز محنت اور مشقت کی چکی میں پستی رہیں۔ علامہ اقبالؒ ، غزالی ، رازی نفیسی جیسے زعماء جو آسمان علم و دانش پر آفتاب و ماہتاب بن کر چمکے۔ یہ سب ان کی محنت لگن، کاوش اور انتھک جدوجہد کا نتیجہ تھا۔ محنت شاقہ اور جذبہ صادق ہوتو کہساروں سے بھی جوئے شیر نکالی جاسکتی ہے۔
نامی کوئی...

قرآن کا اسلوب دعوت اور معاشرے پر اس کے اثرات

Human is a combination of a body and soul, in which body is nurtured by means of energy that is present around the world, but regarding soul, he has not provide nourishment in this world. For his soul’s nourishment, Allah has revealed prophets from Adam Alehi Salaam to Muhammad Sallallaho Alaehi Wasallam with books, these books are with different methodologies, as creator knows that there is no definite way which can appeal human mind and soul. God manifested the color of love in psalm through songs, instructions have been given through stories in Touraat and Bible has proven it be the best model of proverbs. Quran which is the last revelation of God, combined all above ways to open the door to soul. It has reflection of David’s songs, Glory of Moses and divine glance of Maseeh (P.B.U.T) it has restrictions of Sharia laws and spirituality. Aim of Holy Quran is just not to conquer the opponent by logical argument but it open his heart for right path - for this reason the book itself explained way to call the people towards Islam. It says call people to the way with wisdom and fair of exhortation and reason with them in the best possible way. These rules are only effective when followed with love and well-wishing which is shown through soft and lenient tone. In this article, I have discussed concept and need of Dawat, basic pillars and etiquettes in the light of Holy Quran and Hadith.

Assessment of Productive Potential of Browse Species and Their Management Strategy in the Degrading Rangelands of Cholistan Desert

The Cholistan rangelands have been on decline due to various stresses and their effects can be visualized on its flora particularly on browse species. Therefore, a baseline study was carried to determine the productivity potential of browses with specific objectives of investigating their floristic composition, vegetation structure, forage productivity, and nutritive evaluation. Total 25 browse species belonging to 12 families and 17 genera were identified whereas Chenopodiaceae, Mimosaceae, and Rhamnaceae were found as dominant families that were mainly contributing to browse cover. In the investigated area two phenological seasons were recorded, first from February to April and second from September to November, whereas December to January and May to August were almost dormant phases. Further, based on economic importance of browses, maximum species were observed to be used as forage/fodder that clearly indicated that this area could serve as potential rangeland. According to phytosociological study, twenty browse communities were documented on the basis of importance value index. Multivariate analysis of twenty stands has delineated three vegetation associations inhabiting the sandunal, interdunal sandy and clayey saline habitats. Soil physio-chemical analysis revealed that texture of sandunal habitat was sandy; interdunal was sandy loam while clayey saline was clayey. Results have exposed that organic matter, and soil nutrients were better at interdunal sandy habitat whereas pH, EC, Na, and soil moisture were high at clayey saline habitat. It was estimated that browse productivity was high (8029.1 kg/ha) in wet season as compare to dry season (5422.9 kg/ha), correspondingly carrying capacity was high during wet season (16 ha/AU/Y) than dry season (24 ha/AU/Y). Moreover, during dry season, mostly stands were observed to be overgrazed while in wet season maximum stands were moderately grazed. High carrying capacity and good grazing status of stands in wet season was due to better forage production. Based on palatability classification, 22 species were found to have palatability to varying degree and 03 species were non-palatable. In palatable species, leaves of 14 species; shoot/stem of 13 species, flower of 04 species, and fruit of 03 species were grazed by livestock, whereas cattle were observed to graze on 07 species; goat and sheep like 10 species each while camel prefer 20 species. Subsequently, nutritive evaluation revealed that browse species were good source of dry matter and protein whereas; concentration of almost all the minerals (micro and macro) was less than required level for ruminants grazing therein. The findings of this study indicate that the browse productivity of Cholistan rangelands was low and fluctuate according to seasons. Therefore, they need proper protection, management, and rehabilitation through ecological approaches. This would be possible with the participation of government and local peoples to make these range resources sustainable. Key words: Cholistan rangelands, Browse species, Floristic composition, Phenology, vegetation structure, Multivariate analysis, Biomass production, Carrying capacity, Palatability, Nutritive evaluation