مولانا محمد معزاﷲ خیرآبادی
ایک زمانہ تھا کہ رامپور علمائے اعلام کا مرکز تھا اور خیرآبادی سلسلہ کے تعلق کے سبب سے وہاں کا مدرسہ علوم عقلیہ کی سب سے بڑی درسگاہ تھی، لیکن مولانا فضل حق رامپوری مرحوم کی وفات پر اس کا بھی خاتمہ ہوگیا، اب پیران کہن سال میں وہاں ایک ہی صاحب رہ گئے تھے، یعنی مولانا محمد معزاﷲ صاحب مرحوم، افسوس کہ ۶؍جنوری ۱۹۴۳ء کی رات کو انہوں نے بھی رحلت کی، یہ مولوی عبدالحق صاحب خیرآبادی کے آخری شاگرد اور مدرسہ کے پرانے اساتذہ اور بزرگوں کے فیض یافتہ تھے، فقہ میں مولانا ارشاد حسین صاحب مجددی سے (جو فقہ و اصول میں مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے بھی استاد تھے) اور مولانا حسن شاہ صاحب محدث رامپوری سے بھی استفادہ کیا تھا، سلسلہ نقشبندیہ اور قادریہ و چشتیہ کے مجاز بھی تھے، رامپور میں مرحوم کا علمی مرتبہ اتنا بلند تھا کہ کسی فتویٰ پر جب تک ان کے دستخط نہ ہوتے وہ عام طور پر مستند نہیں سمجھا جاتا تھا، خاکسار کو دو سال ہوئے کہ مرحوم سے ملاقات کا اور ان کے درس کے سننے کا اتفاق ہوا تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے افسوس کہ پچھلے مدرسین اٹھتے جاتے ہیں اور زمانہ کی نئی آب و ہوا اس تجر اور مہارت کے نئے مدرسین عربی کی نشوونما سے عاجز ہے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، فروری ۱۹۴۳ء)
Morality is the essence of humanity and is a basic need of every society for the development, prosperity, sincerity and brotherhood. Nobody can present good character without morality. Our beloved and last Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (settled clear rules in this regards in every dimension of life. In this paper an attempt was made to discussed the Prophetic code of ethics regarding to three basic dimensions of life, political ethics, teaching and preaching ethics and ethics in family life.
Spin polarized calculations based on FP-(L)APW+lo method were performed on non-magnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase of Bi2Fe4O9. Antiferromagnetic phase was energetically favourable. All exchange correlation functionals accurately describe structural properties of Bi2Fe4O9 but failed to calculate correct band structure. All exchange correlation functionals with U gave bandgap values (2.05 - 2.2eV) closer to experimental values (1.9 - 2.1 eV). The calculated DOS showed hybridization between Fe 3d and O 2p states along with minor overlap between Bi 6p and O 2p states in upper valance band. Lower conduction band was composed of Fe 3d states. Magnetic properties of Bi2Fe4O9 were due to Fe3+ ions having magnetic moment ~4μB. Induced magnetic moments at other atomic sites depend on their local environment. Charge density plots reveal slight covalent character and strong ionic character between Fe-O atoms and Bi-O atoms. In absorption spectrum peak at 1.5 eV was attributed to d-d transition of Fe3+ ions. While peak at 2.05 eV was ascribed to transitions from O 2p valence band to conduction band Fe 3d levels. Static dielectric constant and refractive index were 17.61 and 4.4 respectively. Reflectivity has peak at 15.75 and 18.37 eV (λ = 78.66 and 67.44 nm). Peak in energy loss spectrum at 21.99 eV corresponds to abrupt decrease of reflectivity. Spin polarized calculations of Fe doped ferromagnetic EuO (Eu0.75Fe0.25O, Eu0.50Fe0.50O and Eu0.25Fe0.75O) using mBJ+U method show that lattice constant linearly decrease with increasing doping concentration of Fe atoms. Semiconductor EuO shows metallic character when doped with Fe atoms. Doped EuO exhibit extra peaks of Fe atom 3d states between -10 to 3.5 eV in valence band. Decrease in bandgap was due to increased spd exchange interaction between band electrons and localized 3d electrons of transition atom. Effect of doping was found to be dependent on the location of dopant ions. Electronic and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic EuFeO3 were calculated using mBJ+U exchange correlation functional that better describe energy bandgap values of strongly correlated 4f system. The calculated bandgap 2.7 eV agrees with experimental value. EuFeO3 was found to be charge transfer insulator due to existence of bandgap between O 2p and Eu 4f states.