۲۔ھل استفہامیہ
جب اللہ تعالیٰ مجرموں کو جہنم میں ڈالیں گے تو پھر اس سے پوچھیں گے۔ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے:
۱-"هَلِ امْتَلَاْتِ وَتَقُوْلُ هَلْ مِنْ مَّزِيْدٍ "۔[[1]]
"کیا تو بھر چکی اور وہ کہے گی کیا کچھ اور بھی ہے۔ "
اس کے دو مطلب ہو سکتے ہیں ۔ایک یہ کہ " میرے اندر اب مزید آدمیوں کی گنجائش نہیں ہے۔ " دوسرے یہ کہ " اور جتنے مجرم بھی ہیں انہیں لے آیئے " پہلا مطلب لیا جائے تو اس ارشاد سے تصور یہ سامنے آتا ہے کہ مجرموں کو جہنم میں اس طرح ٹھونس ٹھونس کر بھر دیا گیا ہے اس میں ایک سوئی کی بھی گنجائش نہیں رہی، حتیٰ کہ جب اس سے پوچھا گیا کی کیا تو بھر گئی تو وہ گھبرا کر چیخ اٹھی کہ کیا ابھی اور آدمی بھی آنے باقی ہیں؟
یہاں یہ سوال پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ جہنم سے اللہ تعالیٰ کے اس خطاب اور اس کے جواب کی نوعیت کیا ہے؟ کیا یہ محض مجازی کلام ہے؟ یا فی الواقع جہنم کوئی ذی روح اور ناطق چیز ہے جسے مخاطب کیا جا سکتا ہو اور وہ بات کا جواب دے سکتی ہو؟ اس معاملہ میں قطعیت کے ساتھ کچھ نہیں کہا جا سکتا ممکن کہ یہ مجازی کلام ہو اور محض صورت حال کا نقشہ کھینچنے کے لیے جہنم کی کیفیت کو سوال و جواب کی شکل میں بیان کیا گیا ہو، لیکن یہ بات بھی بالکل ممکن ہے کہ یہ کلام مبنی بر حقیقت ہو ۔ اس لیے کہ دنیا کی جو چیزیں ہمارے لیے جامد و صامت ہیں ان کے متعلق ہمارا یہ گمان کرنا درست نہیں ہو سکتا کہ وہ...
The Issue of the rights of non-Muslim minorities in Muslim countries has been one of the most burning issues in this era. It has been highlighted by both Muslim and non-Muslim writers that they are mistreated in Muslim countries. This paper discusses the rights of non-Muslims in a Muslim country in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Islamic history. These rights are the protection of rights and freedom of belief, right to protection of property, honour, assurance of disability, poverty and old age, right of freedom in religion, language and culture, work and profession in government services, equal rights in the society and justice. It will be shown that in Muslim countries, all non-Muslim minorities have their equal rights and same citizen status. This paper ends by providing some suggestions in solving contemporary non-Muslim problems in Muslim countries.
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mathematical thinking and achievement in mathematics in the 9th grade scientific stream students in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan which was renamed as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by the parliament of Pakistan through 18 th constitutional amendment in 2009. In addition, this study also investigated the gender, school sector, and school location differences in mathematical thinking and mathematics achievement. Besides, this study also investigated the interaction between gender and school location, gender and sector, sector and location, in relation to mathematical thinking and achievement. Further, this study examined conceptions of teachers about mathematical thinking and any inconsistencies between the teachers’ opinions about the aspects of mathematical thinking in terms of level of importance, level of difficulty and the results derived from the quantitative analyses of the student answers to the mathematical thinking test. In relation to the student interviews, the study also aimed to identify popular strategies used by students to arrive at solutions, question understanding, their perceptions about difficulty level of aspects of mathematical thinking and to differentiate between the thinking skills they used and to ascertain their attitude towards optimal solutions like checking their solutions. To achieve the above mentioned objectives, a model of mathematical thinking was first developed representing the best possible six aspects of mathematical thinking relevant to the curriculum of grade 9 in Pakistan with the help of experts and practising teachers. A test of mathematical thinking was developed based on this model to measure viimathematical thinking of the students. Besides a test of mathematics achievement with items taken from textbook of grade 9 and two interviews (one for teachers and one for students) were also conducted for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-test, Anova and regression analysis. Similarly qualitative data from interviews was analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. Main findings of the study showed that mathematical thinking was moderately related to mathematics achievement with proofs as the most correlated aspect. The study further showed that male students outperformed their female counterparts. In the same way, the students of the private schools scored significantly better than the students of public schools in all aspects of mathematical thinking and mathematics achievement. Teachers’ interview revealed that problem solving, induction, deduction, logical thinking, proofs and optimal solution were the most important aspects of mathematical thinking with proofs as the most difficult and generalization as the easiest aspects. Teachers expressed their opinions that student-centered teaching was the effective way in teaching of mathematics.