مولانامحمد اویس نگرامی ندوی
افسوس ہے مولانا محمد اویس صاحب نگرامی بھی ایک طویل علالت کے بعد ؟اگست کی سہ پہر کولکھنؤ میں داعی اجل کولبیک کہہ کر اس خاکدانِ عالم سے رخصت ہوگئے۔ عمر ترسٹھ کے لگ بھگ ہوگی۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْن۔
نگرام لکھنؤ کاایک مردم خیز قصبہ ہے ،مولانا یہاں کے ایک نامور علمی خاندان کے چشم وچراغ تھے ۔تعلیم ندوہ میں پائی ،فراغت کے بعد دارالمصنفین اعظم گڈھ چلے گئے، کم وبیش سات برس یہاں مقیم رہ کر’ سیرت النبی‘ جلد اول پر نظرثانی کی۔ حافظ ابن قیم نے اپنی تصنیفات میں جہاں کہیں کسی آیت سے متعلق تفسیری کلام کیا ہے اُن سب کوتفسیر ابن قیم کے نام سے یکجا مرتب کیا،علاوہ ازیں معارف میں بھی متعدد مقالات لکھے ۔یوں توسب ہی علوم اسلامیہ میں پختہ استعداد رکھتے تھے لیکن قرآن مجید کاذوق سب پرغالب تھا۔ چنانچہ یہ سب مقالات بھی قرآن مجیدسے متعلق ہیں، دارالمصنفین سے جب وہ ندوۃ العلما میں منتقل ہوئے تویہاں بھی اُن کاخصوصی مشغلہ درسِ قرآن ہی رہا،مدرسہ کے اندر اوراُس کے باہر بھی۔ندوہ میں آنے کے بعد درس کی ہمہ گیر مصروفیتوں کے باعث وہ تصنیف وتالیف کی طرف زیادہ توجہ نہیں کرسکے،تاہم جوکچھ لکھ گئے ہیں اُس کی افادیت میں کلام نہیں ہوسکتا۔
طبعاً نہایت شگفتہ مزاج ،خوش خلق ،خوش پوشاک وخوش خوراک تھے، خندہ جبینی اُن کی فطرت تھی،عملاً نہایت صالح اور اوراد و وظائف تک کے پابند تھے۔ مولانا سیدحسین احمدصاحب مدنی ؒ سے بیعت تھے اور اس سلسلہ میں اُن سے برابر مراسلت بھی رکھتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ غریقِ رحمت فرمائے۔
[اکتوبر ۱۹۷۶ء]
Peace is the key source of all virtues. Unfortunately, since long all the world especially Muslim ummah is facing extremism and terrorism. It is very tragic are mostly those who are having the labels of Islam. One of the many reasons for this is the weakness of beliefs. Today many people have misconceptions about basic beliefs of Islam. Such people are responsible for destroying the peace of society. The best and easy solution to avoid all these riots and setting up peace is to focus on improving their beliefs. Without this the desire to establish peace is nothing more than a dream. In spite of the intention of eliminating the riots with the latest cameras, sensors, radar and all the richest resources available in the world's developed countries. There is not a single woman who travels far away from the remote and is not afraid of anyone except Allah. But the Islam, fourteen centuries ago, showed that a woman travelled alone from?ir? To Makkah and would not have been afraid of anyone except Allah. It was possible only when the prophet (pbuh) spent his life preaching in Makkah about the purification of beliefs. In history, it is always a tradition that whenever corruption is increased on earth, Allah altered this corruption by the prophets and all the prophets started their mission with correction of beliefs.
Capital structure is the ratio of debt and equity. This study determines the key contributors of an optimal capital structure. To better analyze the capital structure, corporate governance (via the three categories of ownership structure, namely insider ownership, institution ownership and individual ownership) is included. This element helps understand the presence of agency costs and the role of management in deciding the capital structure of a firm. A panel data set since 2005-2014 of 249 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange has been used. To best handle the data set, Generalized Method of Moments (0MM) technique is used. The results suggest that the ownership categories of insider ownership, institution ownership and individual ownership when taken at lag (with market leverage being the dependent variable) are statistically significant and negative. Variables such as Return on Assets (ROA), Tobins Q, Tangibility and Product Market Share are statistically significant when book value of leverage is the dependent variable. Altman Z Score, which measures risk, is the only variable that is statistically significant and negative when the dependent variable (book or market value of Leverage) is used. In the case of speed of adjustment, the variables yield similar results in fixed and random effects. The ownership categories continue to be positively significant contributors to the adjustment.Moreover, the current liabilities variable is also a negative significant contributor to this adjustment variable. The stakeholders of this study are the firm owners and investors. The primary aim of this study is to provide valuable policy directives for all the concerned stakeholders. The presence of atzency costs and its resulting impact on the firms' capital structure would help the management to tackle their issues better