تعلیم نسواں
علم جہاں پہنچتا ہے اندھیرے سے نکال کر روشنی میں لے جاتا ہے ،ظلمت سے ضیاء کی طرف روانگی ہو جاتی ہے، جہالت سے شعور وآگہی کا سفر شروع ہو جاتا ہے۔ علم ایک ایسی دولت ہے جو انسان کواوجِ ثرّیا تک پہنچا دیتی ہے۔ علم ایک ایسازینہ ہے جس سے معرفتِ الٰہی کے محل کی طرف رسائی ممکن ہے۔ علم کے زیور سے مرصعّ شخص معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتے ہیں۔ علم کی حقیقتوں سے آشنائی ایک عظمت ہے اس طرح عورت علم کے زیور سے مزیّن ہوگی تو معاشرہ سنور جائے گا۔
مردوں کی بھی تعلیم ضروری تو ہے مگر
پڑھ جائے جو خاتون تو نسلیں سنوار دے
تعلیم نسواں سے مراد عورتوں کی تعلیم ہے۔ مردوں کی طرح عورتوں کے لیے بھی حصول علم بہت ضروری ہے۔ عورت اور مرد زندگی کی گاڑی کے دو پہیے ہیں۔ ان دونوں پہیوں کا صحیح ہونا بہت ضروری ہے۔ ورنہ زندگی کی گاڑی ٹھیک طرح سے چل نہ سکے گی۔ کوئی قوم اس وقت تک ترقی نہیں کرسکتی جب تک اس قوم کی عورتیں زیورِ تعلیم سے آراستہ نہ ہوں۔
نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکا ارشاد ہے کہ’’ علم حاصل کرنا ہر مسلمان مرد اور عورت پر فرض ہے۔‘‘ اس حدیث مبارکہ سے مرد اور عورت دونوں کی خاطر علم کی اہمیت واضح ہوتی ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمنے اپنی تعلیمات سے آگاہی کے لیے عورتوں کے لیے بھی ہفتے میں ایک دن مقرر کیا تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ ازواجِ مطہرات بھی عورتوں کو دین کی باتیں سکھایا کرتی تھیں۔ دانائوں کا قول ہے کہ’’ ایک مردکی تعلیم ایک فردکی تعلیم ہے، جبکہ ایک عورت کی تعلیم ایک خاندان کی تعلیم ہے‘‘ عورت کی آغوش ہی بچے کی پہلی درسگاہ ہے۔ یہ جو کچھ اپنی ماں...
The idea of less punishment is accepted internationally and very rapid implementation is observed as in various countries the strong punishment like death sentence is avoided. Likewise a slogan of "Love rather than punishment "is implemented within Education Department of Pakistan. The history of last few years proved that the said slogan affected our moral training and education process very badly. As there is no fear of punishment naturally a person diverts towards easiness and ultimately goes towards laziness. To save the nation from this alarming situation, it becomes necessary to obey the teachings of Holy prophet (PBUH) about the training and educating the human being. In these teachings the combination of love and fear is the basic element of the social training. Both of the methods have importance, love creates interest and fear of punishment develops the habit of hard working. This Islamic principle is a universal truth because the success is the result of interest and hardworking of the individuals. Therefore the slogan of "Love rather than punishment must be avoided, as it has negative effects upon the personality. The golden teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH) which have the positive effects upon the personality and are proved to be the need of the day.
Hepatitis C infection has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease and a globally growing public health concern these days. It has infected about 150 million individuals worldwide including ten millions in Pakistan. The standard protocol to treat the Hepatitis C patient is based on the confirmation of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the patient’s blood, determination of viral load and its specific genotype. This information helps to decide the nature and duration of therapy. Before treating the Hepatitis C patients, an in-house HCV RNA qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the detection of HCV on molecular level was established. To investigate the specific genotype of HCV in the patient, a multiplex HCV genotyping assay was also established. HCV RNA was detected in 4981 (75.81%) out of 6570 cases which were reactive for Anti-HCV antibody test by ELISA method. 4528(90.90%) of the HCV RNA positive patients had single genotype, 201(4.04%) had more than one genotypes whereas in 252(5.06%) HCV remained non-classifiable. Although genotype 3 was the most frequent type in the present study (68.10%). However, a downward trend was observed in the prevalence of genotype 3 in last five years (2007-2012). On the contrary, the prevalence of genotype 1 and 4 was observed to be rising during that period. Transmission of HCV was strongly associated with the use of un- sterilized razors in barber shops as well as in those who underwent procedures in general or dental surgery. The low titer of HCV RNA at the start of therapy, more than two log drop of viral load at week-4 and undetectable HCV RNA in the middle of therapy were associated with the response of HCV infected patients treated with Interferon alpha 2b plus Ribavirin (IFNα- 2b+RBV). So, the findings of present study suggest that the viral load measurement at different time points during the therapy could be used in clinical practice to decide the treatment continuation or termination at early stages. The response to treatment (IFNα-2b+RBV) was also observed to be inversely related to the age of the patient. Younger age was associated with a better response and old age with treatment failure. The ratio of ETR was marginally higher in males (76.14%) than females (72.77%). Sustained response was observed to be high in genotype 3. The treatment response was also highly associated with amino acid sequence variation in both the selected regions of E2 protein from HCV subtype 3a (E2 506-564 and E2 622-714 ).