نعتیہ ادب میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کامقام و مرتبہ
نعت ہر دور اور ہر دیار میں لکھی گئی ہے۔ نعت گو شعرا بارگاہِ رسالتصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم میں اپنے اپنے انداز میں عقیدت ومحبت کے پھول پیش کرتے رہے ہیں۔ نعت کا سلسلہ ازل سے جاری ہے اور ابد تک جاری رہے گا۔ اُردو زبان نعت کے تخلیقی سرمائے سے مالامال ہے اور دنیا کی دیگر زبانوں سے نعت کے معاملے میں کسی طرح پیچھے نہیں۔ دکنی دور میں نعت معراج ناموں جنھیں چرخیات سے بھی موسوم کیا جاتا ہے، کی صورت میں اور سراپائے رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکے روپ میں صورت پذیرہوتی رہی۔ اسی دور میں نعت، قصیدے، مثنوی اور پھر غزل کی ہیئت میں بھی پنپتی رہی۔ عہدموجود میں نعت کے نمونے ہر صنف سخن میں دستیاب ہیں لیکن نعت کو جو مقبولیت غزل کی ہیئت میںملی وہ کسی دوسری ہیئت کو میسر نہ آسکی۔ گزشتہ صدی میں تخلیق نعت کا سفر ماضی کی نسبت بہت تابناک نظر آتا ہے۔ اس میں نعت نے تخلیق سے تحقیق اور تنقید کے شعبوں میں بھی قابل قدر پیش رفت کی ہے۔ نعت کے الگ رسائل کی اشاعت کا سلسلہ شروع ہوا۔ نعتیہ تذکرے لکھے جانے لگے، نعتیہ مقالات کی طرف توجہ مرکوز کی گئی۔ نعتیہ صحافت کا آغاز ہوا اور نعتیہ انتخابات کا اہتمام ہونے لگا۔ نعت کے مختلف شعبوں میں مختلف شخصیات نے خدمات انجام دی ہیں۔ ان شخصیات میں ایک اہم نام ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کا ہے۔ انھوں نے شعبۂ نعت کے ہر شعبے میں گراںقدر خدمات انجام دی ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمد نعت کے میدان میں بیک وقت ایک محنتی محقق، خوش ذوق تذکرہ نگار، خوش مذاق مدون، خوش الحان نعت خواں، نکتہ رس نقاد، راست باز صحافی او ر منکسر المزاج شاعرکی حیثیت سے جانے جاتے ہیں۔...
Almighty Allah made marriage a source of affection and love among the human beings. He also ordered to uphold this relation as much as possible. If, on one way or the other the relationship of a couple becomes so unpleasant that their family life becomes impossible to move any more further. In this case the Islamic “Sharia’h” recommends opening of the ways for their respectable separation in the shapes of “Divorce” and “Khula’a” (divorce obtained on wife’s initiative, s). Though Islamic sharia’h has declared “Divorce” as legal act, yet marriage being a great sacred relation which is desired to be retained intact to the maximum, it has been named as the most unpleasant among the permissible acts in Islam. Some human beings very abruptly break the same relation (Nikah) without proper consideration. Some of these persons later on repent on what they have done. Allah Almighty therefore, very affectionately has allowed men after uttering two times the words, ‘Divorcee (Talaq) at different times to reconcile with their wives. But if he disrespecting this great relation stress-passes the final time and utters the word “Divorce” (Talaq) for the third time in his life so the religion has fixed certain punishment for his this very irresponsible act as a punishment that though, both spouses may agree to continue their married life, Islam does not allow them to do so, prior to undergoing the process of re-marrying the woman with another person to fulfill the condition of her reunion with her first husband. This process is called “Halala” In the article under reference side by side with presenting the literal meaning and idiomatic definitions of Halala, its Shari status has also been elaborated. Efforts have been intensified to recollect the different views of all jurists regarding this practice and examine the same analytically. In addition to that with the help of irrefutable proofs, the adverse effects of the so called “Halala, s centers” have been proved to warn the people to stay away from them.
In this study 0.5LiMn2O3.0.5LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, a layered lithium-manganese rich nickel manganese cobalt (LMR-NMC) oxide, was a carefully selected composition for use as a cathode material in Li ion batteries. The effect of synthesis method and doping on this layered lithium-manganese rich, mixed metal oxides is presented. First part of this study deals with the effect of synthesis route on the electrochemical properties of the 0.5LiMn2O3.0.5LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 material. A comparison between Co-precipitation, low temperature (90°C) sol-gel synthesised and high temperature (120°C) sol-gel synthesised LMR composite materials is presented. The study demonstrated that synthesis procedure and conditions strongly influence the electrochemical properties of the synthesized material. Co-precipitation and sol-gel synthesised LMR composites revealed obvious differences in capacity and cycle life, which give the impression from X-ray photoelectron spectra to be strongly related to the particles‘ surface reactivity. In the second part of study, the LMR-NMC materials were doped with varying amounts of aluminium. Small amounts of Al doping to the sol-gel material were shown to improve the rate capability and cyclability, in addition to decreasing voltage fade. The results were interpreted in terms of charge discharge studies and supported by differential capacity plots, impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetry data. The electrochemistry of an aluminium doped material was revealed to be highly dependent on the degree of aluminium doping – with the behaviour of 1% doped material giving a maximum capacity of 201 mAhg-1 at 150 mAg-1 and a capacity retention of 88% after 200 cycles. An attempt has been made to study the effect of Cr doping as well on the electrochemical properties of the LMR-NMC materials. It results in an increase in the initial charge/discharge capacity of the material while decreasing the capacity retention. However, the Cr as a dopant could not be assigned as an improvement in the LMR mixed metal oxide material. The study established the comparative role of co-precipitation and sol-gel methods on the improvement of electrochemical properties of the LMR-NMC oxides. Additionally, controlled Al doped samples substantially improved the discharge capacity while maintaining capacity retention event at very high C-rate.