حفیظ صدیقی
حفیظ صدیقی(۱۹۳۴ئ۔پ) پسرور کے گائوں برہان پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۳ء میں گورنمنٹ جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں آپ کی بطور لیکچرار اردو تقرری ہوئی۔ ۱۹۷۳ء میں ایم۔اے او کالج لاہور میں تبادلہ ہوا۔ اس کالج سے ۱۹۹۳ء میں حفیظ سرکاری ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہوئے (۸۰۸) حفیظ صدیقی کے تمام شعری مجموعے صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے طبع ہوئے۔
پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’لمحوں کی آگ‘‘ ۱۹۷۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ’’پہلی رات کا چاند‘‘ ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ’’درد کا رشتہ‘‘ ان کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’لا زوال‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۹۲ء میں شائع ہوا۔’’لا مثال‘‘ ان کا پانچواں شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۹۵ء میں طبع ہوا۔ چھٹا شعری مجموعہ ’’آنگن کا جہنم‘‘ ۱۹۷۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ان شعری مجموعوں کے علاوہ حفیظ کا شعری کلام پاکستان کے مختلف جرائد و رسائل میں چھپتا رہا۔ جسے مرتب کرنے کی ضرورت ہے ۔’’بارش کے پہلے قطرے‘‘ ،’’تشنہ تشنہ‘‘ ،’’خواب دیکھتے گزری‘‘ ،’’سکھ کا سراب‘‘،’’میرے سر پہ ہاتھ رکھنا‘‘،’’وہ میرے اندر ہی بس رہا ہے‘‘،اور ’’ہر موج سمندر‘‘ ان کے غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعے ہیں۔جوان کے لواحقین کے پاس مسودات کی صورت میں موجود ہیں ۔حفیظ صدیقی نے جب شعر کہنا شروع کیا تو وہ قیام پاکستان کے بعد کا دور تھا۔ اس وقت ترقی پسند تحریک ایک نئے دور میں داخل ہو گئی تھی۔ حفیظ کا اس تحریک سے براہ راست کوئی تعلق نہیں تھا۔ تاہم ان کی ابتدائی غزلوں میں ترقی پسند تحریک کے اثرات نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے ابتدائی کلام میں استحصال زدہ طبقے کے درد کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے۔ حفیظ کی غزل میں نہ صرف روایتی انداز ہے بلکہ ان کے ہاں جدت بھی ملتی ہے۔ دھیمے لہجے میں وطن اور اپنی مٹی سے محبت کے ساتھ ساتھ خارج و باطن...
The inclusion of women in the workforce is imperative for the advancement of every country in the world. In Pakistan the role of women is undergoing dynamic transformation which can have considerable influence on the mother-child relationship and child development. This research attempts to understand the influence of out-of-home maternal employment on the development of child, as perceived by mothers. The study is qualitative in nature using snowball sampling. A total of six working mothers were interviewed from Lahore, Pakistan. Thematic analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. The following themes were identified: (i) Child Neglect; (ii) Strained Child-Parent Relationship; (iii) Child Aggression; (iv) Low Academic Achievement; and (v) Independence and Sense of Responsibility. The study concludes that working mothers need family and employer support to ensure child development in Pakistan. Some of the key reforms that are needed include respect for women’s triple role in society and employment benefits for working mothers.
Background: The shoulder is a complex, multi-joint structure in the human body. It plays a significant role in activities of self-care, work and leisure. Dysfunction and pain in this region can greatly impact a person’s daily life. Within the broad complaint of shoulder pain, rotator cuff disease (RCD) is the most common condition. RCD can cause extensive disruption of physical activity, but also affects mental health and social participation. RCD consists of tendinopathy of one or more of the muscles of the rotator cuff, partial-thickness tears (PTT), or full-thickness tears (FTT) of the rotator cuff tendons. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and routine physical therapy (RPT) on pain intensity, shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, quality of life, functional disability, supraspinatus tendon thickness and tear thickness in patients with partial tear of supraspinatus tendon. Materials and Methods: 72 patients with confirmed diagnosis of partial tear of supraspinatus tendon through musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) were randomly allocated into two groups by using a computer generated random sequence table with 36 patients in the experimental group (LLLT+RPT) and 36 patients in the control group (RPT alone). Baseline assessment for pain intensity, shoulder ROM, muscle strength, quality of life, functional disability, supraspinatus tendon thickness and tendon tear thickness were recorded using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Universal Goniometer (UG), Oxford Scale for Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), EQ-5D, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and MSKUS respectively, before treatment. All the patients received 18 treatment sessions over a period of 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) and 12 further sessions from 6weeks to 12 weeks follow up (2 sessions per week). At the end of six weeks and 12 weeks, all the outcome measures were assessed again. Results: Repeated Measure Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed within groups, significant differences in the mean improvement in all outcome measures in experimental group both at 6 and 12 weeks follow-up. Significant differences were also found in control group for the mean improvement in all outcome measures except non-significant in tendon thickness, tear thickness and supraspinatus strength at 6 weeks whereas significant differences were found in control group for the mean improvement in all outcome measures except non-significant in tendon thickness, tear thickness, supraspinatus strength and deltoid strength at 12 weeks follow-up. An independent t-test revealed between two groups, at 6 weeks, significant differences were found for the mean improvement in tendon thickness, VAS, ROM, QOL and DASH except nonsignificant for tear thickness, supraspinatus strength and deltoid strength, whereas, at 12 weeks, significant differences were found in mean improvement for all outcome measures. However, there was more improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that RPT with and without LLLT was equally effective for all outcome measures for both groups except tendon thickness, tear thickness, supraspinatus strength and deltoid strength for control group in patients with partial tear of supraspinatus tendon.