یہ کتاب پروفیسر عبد الحق کا تحقیقی مقالہ ہے جو انہوں نے پی ۔ایچ۔ ڈی کی ڈگری کے لیے لکھا تھا اور اس پر انہیں پی۔ ای ۔ڈی کی ڈگری تفویض ہوئی تھی۔ پروفیسر عبدالحق نے اپنا یہ مقالہ ڈاکٹر محمود الٰہی کی نگرانی میں مکمل کیا تھا۔ (2) یہ کتاب ان کے تحقیقی مقالے کا ایک جزوہے۔ ان کا پورا مقالہ ہنوز منتظر اشاعت ہے۔ اس کتاب کی خاص بات یہ ہے کہ یہ اقبال کےاس کلام پر مشتمل ہے جب اقبال سفر یورپ کے لیے روانہ ہوئے تھے۔ اقبال کو اس کلام کی روشنی میں دیکھنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ اس کتاب کا نقش اول مارچ 1969ء میں سامنے آیا۔ (3)
This article reviews how scanning technique contributes to reading comprehension. Reading comprehension is defined as the process by which a person derives meaning from print. Scanning is a device used to locate details. Scanning means glancing rapidly through the text either to search for a specific piece of information The differences of students reading comprehension after treatment are influenced by treatment given to them. It was proven by the result of previous research statistical data analysis which indicated to the students’ progress. Teaching reading by using scanning technique can increase students’ reading achievement.
Essential oils are complex mixtures of biologically active substances used since along time as flavoring agents and constituents of number of commercial products. Currently, their importance is more highlighted due to their increasing demand for food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Recent scientific literature revealed theantimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and pharmacological potential of essential oils. In view of themultiple applications of essential oils, their characterization based on their chemicalprofiles, is of great importance.In the present study, indigenous specie of Cannabaceae family “Cannabis sativa” was screenedfor the isolation of essential oils. Essential oil components were fractioned, separated and isolated. The variations in the yield, chemical composition and biological activities of theessential oils and fractions were investigated in the present study with respect to temperature and technique of extraction.The hydro-distilled, steam distilled and supercritical fluid extracted essential oils were characterized fortheir physico-chemical and biological activities. It was tried to purify and separate the major constituents of Cannabis sativa essential oil by vacuum fractionation. GC-MS analysis of thechemical constituents of the isolated oils and fractions mainly revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The investigated essential oils and fractions exhibited good antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective activities as measured by different in- vivo and in-vitro assays and experimental models.