الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل
مسلم لیگ اورجمعیتہ العلمائے ہند دونوں ملک کی موقر اورباعظمت مسلم جماعتیں ہیں۔افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ دونوں جماعتوں کے صدر چند روزکے فصل سے راہی ملک بقاہوگئے۔ان دونوں بزرگوں کی وفات ایک عظیم ملّی حادثہ ہے جس کی تلافی عرصہ تک ہوسکے گی۔الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل نہایت لائق وقابل اوربڑے معاملہ فہم اور سوجھ بوجھ کے انسان تھے۔ان کی قابلیت کایہ عالم تھا کہ پارلیمنٹ میں جس کے ممبر وہ سالہائے سال سے تھے مالیاتی اورتجارتی مسائل و معاملات پران کی تقریر بڑی توجہ سے سنی جاتی تھی۔تقسیم کے بعدمسلم لیگ سمٹ سمٹاکر مدراس اورکیرالا میں محدود ہوکر رہ گئی تھی۔مرحوم اس کے صدر منتخب ہوئے اور آخر تک رہے۔مرحوم نے اس جماعت کواس خوبی سے چلایاکہ اس نے ملک کی سیاسی اورجمہوری جماعتوں سے اہم سیاسی معاملات میں برابر اشتراک و تعاون کیا اورحدیہ ہے کہ ایک مرتبہ وزیراعظم کی زبان سے اقرار کرالیاکہ مسلم لیگ فرقہ وارانہ جماعت نہیں ہے۔انگریزی میں ان کی تقریر بڑی پُرمغز،مدلل اور موثرہوتی تھی۔یہ کمال ان کاہی تھا کہ تقسیم سے پہلے مسلم لیگ کاجو رول اور نظریہ رہاہے مرحوم تقسیم کے بعد میں اس کو بڑی جرأت وجسارت سے صحیح ثابت کرتے اورہندوؤں کے بڑے بڑے مجمعوں میں اس کی مقبولیت پرمدلل تقریر کرتے اوراس کے باوجود ہرطبقہ اورہرپارٹی میں عزت کی نظرسے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ان اوصاف وکمالات کے علاوہ بڑے متدین،متشرع،خوش اخلاق ومتواضع اورمخلص تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔آمین
[مئی۱۹۷۲ء]
Islām is a religion of peace and it gives great importance to peace. Islamic teachings and laws are meant to create and maintain peace in the human society. But, unfortunately, Islām has been targeted as a source of terrorism, today. In this article, the author tries to defend Islām and differentiate between Jihād and terrorism. The word terrorism needs to be seen in its historical perspective. Different definitions of terrorism have been presented, but still it is an ambiguous term. In this paper, the author tries to define terrorism in the Islamic perspective. This paper discusses the points given below: m The concept of terrorism, its manifestations and types. M Encountering and prevention of terrorism from Islamic perspective. M Islām and the global brotherhood. M The punishment of terrorism. M The religious viewpoint against a cruel government. M The peaceful struggle against cruelty and injustice. Also, the difference between terrorism and jihad has been clarified. The rules and regulations of Jihād make it clear that it has nothing to do with terrorism, which is an unruly activity. A Muslim is supposed to be a peaceful citizen, who can never indulge in any act of terrorism. The rebellion against the rulers has also been discussed to draw the conclusion that it is not allowed except against the blatant kufr. The objectives of the Islamic punishments indicate the Islamic approach to minimize terrorism in the human society.
This study was designed to determine the role of educational institutions in developing political awareness among the secondary level students in Pakistan. In developing political awareness, the curriculum, faculty, school environment and home environment play a significant role. Keeping in view these independent variables of political awareness, and the study was delimited to the public high and higher secondary schools in the Punjab, province of Pakistan. Six thousand four hundred and eighty seven (6487) High and Higher secondary schools from all over the Punjab were taken in this study. All the Head Teachers, 33561 Secondary School Teachers and 524336 students of tenth class of session 2012-14 were the population of this study. 414 Head Teachers, 828 Secondary School Teachers and 1242 students of tenth class were taken as study sample by using the Cochran‟s formula for taking sufficient sample size from the population. To seek the extent of content regarding political awareness, the content analysis of the text books being taught at secondary level out of the compulsory subjects was undertaken. Three five point rating scales were developed for the head teachers, teachers and the students under the direction of the supervisor keeping in view the different factors responsible for political awareness like “Curriculum, “School Environment” and “Home Environment”. In order to determine the level of political awareness among the students, a Test comprising the basic and key concepts of political education was also developed.The collected data were analyzed by applying descriptive (Mean, Average, Standard Deviation) as well as inferential (Z-Test, Chi Squire Test) statistics. The level of political awareness was determined by the content analyses of the texts, statement Wise and questionnaire Wise analysis of the questionnaires of the study sample and the results of the Test administered on the students‟ sample. The results of the study showed that a very little amount of content was found on political awareness in the text books at secondary level. The statement and questionnaire Wise analyses of the questionnaires of the study sample showed the unsatisfactory condition about the political awareness. The results of the Test also showed the lower level of achievement of students. Inculcation of basic and key concepts of political education in compulsory subjects at secondary level, political awareness drive in the form of seminars, debates and workshops at schools, appointment of expert subject specialists, provision of different societies and organizations like school councils and literary societies, continuous parent-teacher meetings and sufficient budget allocation were recommended in this study.