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Home > Problems of the Parent of Mentally Retarded Children M. Ed Thesis

Problems of the Parent of Mentally Retarded Children M. Ed Thesis

Thesis Info

Author

Sidrat Ishaq

Supervisor

Shaista Majid

Program

MEd

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

59.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 371.928 SIP; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676710322762

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مفتی عبداللطیف

مفتی عبداللطیف
افسوس ہے کہ علمائے قدیم کی ایک اہم اور آخری یادگار مفتی عبداللطیف صاحب نے گزشتہ مہینہ انتقال فرمایا، مرحوم استاذ العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب علی گڑھ کے شاگرد مولانا فضل رحمن گنج مراد آبادیؒ کے مرید اور دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے دور اول کے اساتذہ میں تھے، حضرت سید صاحب مرحوم نے ابتدائی کتابیں ان ہی سے پڑھی تھیں۔ پھر ندوہ سے اپنے خواجہ تاش مولانا محمد علی مونگیریؒ کے پاس مونگیر چلے گئے اور کچھ دنوں یہاں قیام کے بعد حجاز تشریف لے گئے اور کئی سال تک مدرسۂ صولتیہ مکہ معظمہ میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت انجام دی، اسی زمانہ میں مصر و شام و عراق وغیرہ کی سیاحت کی، پھر حجاز سے واپس آکر مونگیر میں تصنیف و تالیف کا سلسلہ شروع کیا، جامعہ عثمانیہ کے قیام کے بعد جب ان کے ہم درس مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی اس کے وائس چانسلر مقرر ہوئے تو انھوں نے مفتی صاحب کو اس کے شعبۂ دینیات میں لکچرر مقرر کیا اور آخر میں وہ اس کی صدارت کے عہدہ سے وظیفہ یاب ہوئے۔ جامعہ عثمانیہ سے سبکدوشی کے بعد شروانی صاحب نے مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ دینیات میں ان کا تقرر کرایا۔ مگر چند ہی سال کے بعد ضعف پیری کی وجہ سے اس خدمت سے سبکدوش ہوگئے، اور علی گڑھ میں مستقل قیام فرمایا، مگر درس و تدریس کا سلسلہ آخر عمر تک جاری رہا۔
مفتی صاحب مرحوم ہندوستان کے مشہور اساتذہ میں تھے، دینی علوم پر ان کی نظر بڑی گہری اور وسیع تھی۔ ان کے تلامذہ کی تعداد سیکڑوں سے متجاوز ہے۔ جن میں مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی مرحوم جیسے شاگرد بھی تھے۔ تالیف و تصنیف کا بھی مشغلہ رہتا تھا۔ چنانچہ ان کی کئی کتابیں تاریخ القرآن، سیرت امام ابوحنیفہ اور فقہ کے چند رسائل...

وائٹ گولڈ کا بطور زیور استعمال

White gold is a man-made bright, white and antioxidant compound, made by mixing platinum and palladium in gold or silver, nickel and some copper in gold, and when yellow gold is added to the various metallic compounds above, it turns white. White Gold was invented in the early 19th century, then it was a mixture of platinum and palladium, but nowadays white gold is a mixture of nickel, platinum, palladium and magnesium, while sometimes it contains copper, zinc and silver. It turns white with color. First White Gold was introduced by Germany in 1912 for sale in the market and then by 1920 White Gold gained popularity as an alternative to platinum. Nowadays white gold is more popular, more favored and is more expensive than yellow gold. White gold is actually yellow gold, with addition of various metals it turns to white so it will apply all the rules that Islam has applied to gold and it is not permissible for a Muslim man to wear its ornaments. However, it is permissible for a woman to wear all kinds of jewelry and Zakat will be obligatory on the man and woman who have the white gold according to the quantity limit prescribed by the prophet (SAW).

Role of Bacteria in Detoxication of Chromium and Azo Dye Contaminants Released by Leather Processing Industry

Effluents discharged from tannery industry contain significant amount of chromium and synthetic dyes. Both chromium and dyes can be transformed individually into less toxic forms, but very little is known about their simultaneous treatment. The present study was aimed at isolating bacteria capable of removing toxic hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and reactive black-5 azo dye simultaneously in liquid mineral salt medium (MSM). About 150 bacterial isolates were collected from tannery wastewater and sludge through enrichment of the MSM with CrVI (2 mg L −1 ) and reactive black-5 dye (100 mg L −1 ) under static (batch) condition. Bacterial strains KI (Pseudomonas putida ) and SL14 (Serratia proteamaculans) were able to reduce simultaneously 93% CrVI and 100% color of reactive black-5 azo dye in 24 h at pH 7.2 and 35 oC, in the presence of yeast extract as a co- substrate. Individually, 100% reduction of CrVI and reactive black-5 dye was achieved within 12 h by strain KI and SL14. Bacterial strains were also able to reduce both contaminants at high concentration of salt (up to 50 g NaCl L -1 ). Addition of trace elements Fe(II), Ag(I), Mn(II), Hg(II), Ba(II) and Li(I) had inhibitory effect on the reduction of reactive black-5 and CrVI while the reduction efficiency of the strains increased in the presence of Cu(II). The almost complete (~100%) reduction of the dye and CrVI was achieved by strain KI in 18 h at 5 mg L -1 Cu(II) concentration. In the presence of low concentration (1 mmol L -1 ), hydroquinone and uric acid electron complexes strain KI was able to reduce 100% dye and 92-97% CrVI within 12 h and 18 h, respectively. Potential of selected bacterial strains was also tested either individually or in consortium to degrade eight structurally different azo dyes and CrVI. Complete decolorization of six dyes (reactive black-5, golden ovifix, direct black-38, direct red-81, navy blue, acid red- 88) and 85-100% reduction in CrVI was observed with strain KI in 12 and 24 h. The bacterial consortia were less effective than the individual strains (KI, SL14 and BW3). The most efficient strain KI capable of reducing both dyes and CrVI simultaneously was finally tested in batch and continuous packed bed bioreactors. The biochar prepared from corn cob at 400 oC was used as a packing material in the reactor columns due to its high specific surface area (1275 m 2 g -1 ), porosity (2– 5 μm) and support to facultative cells growth (3.86 x 10 19 cfu g -1 ). Complete degradation (100%) of 100 mg dye L -1 occurred in 5 h in continuous packed bed bioreactor while 20 h were required for complete degradation of the dye in batch bioreactor. Moreover, strain KI was able to reduce completely 300 mg dye L -1 and 10 mg CrVI L -1 within 24 h in continuous packed bed bioreactor. Aniline (10 mg L -1 ), a by-product of reactive black-5, also degraded completely without CrVI while its degradation was 84% in case of simultaneous treatment. LC-MS analysis showed that the degradation products of reactive black-5 and aniline had molecular weight ranging from 110–292 kDa and 119-290 kDa, respectively. This study clearly illustrates that selected strains have potential to degrade azo dyes and CrVI. These bacterial strains are one of the most efficient bacteria capable of reducing toxic CrVI and synthetic dyes simultaneously and could be used for developing bioreactors to treat tannery effluent prior to its discharge into the environment.