العقوبات المالیة وسقوطها فی ضوء القرآن والسنة والقانون الوضعی

Allah has established punishments for many sins in this world. The one who goes through these punishments during his lifetime will be exempted in the next world. These punishments are implemented through "atonement", "qiṣāṣ", "blood money", "imprisonment", "salb (administrative boundaries)". According to Islamic jurisprudence the judge administers, many physical punishments for the criminal, according to the best of his knowledge. Muslim Jurists and scholars divided these punishments into four categories: Taking in custody Imprisonment Reprimand or chastisement Counseling

انسانی حقوق: اسلامی اور مغربی قوانین کے تناظر میں حصہ اول حصہ دوم

This thesis has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals with the literal and technical meaning of right (haqq), the concept of basic human rights and different kinds of rights (huquq). The second chapter throws light on the history of human rights, its start and evolution, in pre-Islamic time, during Islamic reign and their current state of affairs in the West, at the end of the chapter some theories concerning human rights have also been elaborated. The third chapter gives the details of individual and collective human rights in the light of the Quran and Sunna. Besides, the historical documents of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) have also been quoted. The chapter closes with the steps taken by the four rightly guided caliphs for the promotion of human rights. The fourth chapter is dedicated to women's rights both in Islam and the Western world; children's rights with their different types have also been mentioned. The fifth chapter is devoted to the following historic Western charters: Magna carta 1215, The Bill of Rights 1689, The Declaration of Independence of America 1776, The Bill of Rights 1791, Declaration of the Rights of man and of the citizen 1789 (France), Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. The sixth chapter focuses on the critical analysis of human rights in the Islamic and Western Laws, with a focus of the rights on women, Children, minorities and slaves; a comparative study of their charters has also been conducted. In the conclusion, benefits of this research, proposals and recommendations have been highlighted.