Grief and Shock, Discernment and Dificulties, Their Reasons and Motives in the Light of the Teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Islam has this faith that everything of the universe, small or big has come into existence with the will, power, method and knowledge of Allah. Fate is the attribution of Allah, which is the truth. It is the condition to have belief of this faith. Since, faith is the attribution of Allah and it’s impossible for anyone to know the extent of godly attributions, so the issue of fate is delicate and precise. One must only have the faith that whatever is happening in the world was already in the knowledge of Allah and god has already saved it on the safe tablet. The dilemma of fate has not been solved by anyone and it will never be solved. There must be a simple faith that whatever is happening in the world has already known by Allah as the Creator of everything is God and everything has come into existence with His creation. All the matters happening in the world are of two kinds. In some of them the will and authority is prevail. In these matters which are to be done which are not to be done orders of their execution or prohibition are given. If they are not performed because of will and authority, there will be accountability for them. Secondly, all those works which have the order of not to be performed, it is necessary not to perform them with one’s will and authority. If those works are not avoided, one must be accountable for them. There are some other works which do not involve our will and authority so, whatever happens is according to our fate. The works having our will and authority for performance will be rewarded and punished accordingly. This study explores the reasons of grief, shock, discernment and difficulties, their reasons and motives in the light of teaching of The Holy Prophet.

Bathymetric Study of Tiyon Formation Based on Foraminiferal Assemblage Around Laki Range, Lower Indus Basin, Sindh

The Bathymetric study of the Tiyon formation, which conformably lies in between Laki and Kirthar Formation around Laki Range is carried out to construct the paleoenvironment interpretation, worldwide correlation and assigned the Standard Chronostratigraphic age. The bathymetric study of the Tiyon formation indicates three zones with their characteristic particular species are: - Ø Brackish water zone (shelf neritic) Elphidium, Nonion Ø Shallow water zone (outer neritic) Quinqueloculina, Robulus Ø Deep water zone (inner neritic) Gyroidina, Rosalina Faunal assemblage and planktonic / benthic ratio suggests that the deposition of the Tiyon formation have took place under marine condition, indicating a near-shore deposition under a very shallow to bathyl zone with clear warm water condition in tropical region. The abundant presence of planktonic foraminifera in the lower part of the Tiyon formation indicates the connection of depositional basin with the open sea, while this condition does not exist in the upper part of the formation. The Tiyon formation contains a variety of stratigraphically important benthic and planktonic species which includes 140 species, 35 planktonic and 120 benthonic forams, belonging to 31 genera & 15 families. The recognized planktonic zonation includes Globigerinatheka semiinvolta Zone, Truncorotaloides rohri Zone, Orbulinoid beckmanni Zone, Globigerina frontosa Zone, Hantkenina aragonensis Zone and Acarinina pentacamerata Zone. These zones verify the Late Ypresian to Early Bartonian age to the Tiyon formation rather than Late Ypresian to Lutetian. The benthic assemblage shows distinct affinities with the Lutetian fauna of Sor Range, (Baluchistan), Raki Nala and Nammal Gorge (Salt Range), Hampshire Basin (England), Paris Basin (France), Gulf Coastal Region (USA), Belgium and Kutch (India). The Tiyon formation is correlated with Pir Koh Limestone (Lower part of Drazinda Shale), Basal Shale unit of Kirthar Formation (Baluchistan), upper part of the Ghazij Shale, Chorgali, Sakesar, Kuldana and basal part of the Kohat Formation. Total number of species and specimen have been plotted graphically to indicate the dominancy of different faunal zone over on another. Temperature is also a determining factor in the study of bathymetric study. Some characteristic species which are exclusively tropical and live in warm temperature also have been discussed in this thesis.