A Study of Stress Factors and Their Impact on Students’ Academic Performance at University Level

The main emphasis of the study is on the academic performance and the stress management in applied science among the students of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Sindh University Campus Dadu. What is the level of stress on the academic success of the students? How does it affect their lifestyle and health? This is what the research study covers to counteract the general stress among the students. The purpose of the study is to inquire and bring light to measure and check the present stress among students of the university. While doing the research a quantitative method was applied for collecting and analyzing the data. The Questionnaires were distributed among different students for this purpose. Innumerable factors of stress were found in the results and the factors were grouped in four categories which are; -Environmental Factors, Academic Factors, and Personal Factors. In environmental factors, the stress was about the happening the fate in the future. The students were found worried about future that what would happen about their fate? How it will happen? What is about to happen? When they came into contact with the new people it raised their stress. Also the class workload was the main reason for the stress among the students regarding academic factors. When the students were experiencing the workload of the class the group of the students came under stress. The last factor was a personal factor which was mainly due to the financial problem among the students. The stress of all categories can be managed through stress management courses and doing different extracurricular activities which will help to divert the attention of the students on different occasions. This study has drawn significant conclusions and Suggests further measures for practitioners which could help other to manage stress. The limitations are also mentioned so that those who are conducting research for the similar cases can extract better results and ways of curbing stress. A survey questionnaire was designed to collect the response from students, the five-point Likert scale was used from strongly agree to strongly disagree. SPSS-21 version was used to interpret the results through different quantitative techniques like descriptive, regression, and correlation. ____________

Ethical Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with mediating role of Psychological Capital in Pakistan perspective. Previous research reveals that there is a relationship between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. In the contemporary organizations the importance of ethics has been widely acknowledged (Brown & Trevino, 2006; Ciulla, 2005; Trevino, Hartman & Brown, 2000). Ciulla (1998) proposed that ?ethics is at the heart of leadership?. By using the construct of Psychological Capital, the study investigated that Ethical Leadership influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Data were collected from 210 white collar employees working in different organizations both in manufacturing and services sectors in the D.G.Khan division and Multan district. Linear Regression and Correlation analysis were performed to investigate the proposed model. The result of this research shows that there is positive relationship between Ethical Leadership and OCB. Findings suggest that Psychological Capital fully mediates the relationship between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.