بسمل سعیدی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں جناب بسمل سعیدی کاچند ماہ کی مسلسل علالت کے بعد دہلی میں انتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم ٹونک(راجستھان)کے خاندان سادات سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، اس خاندان کی قرابت حضرت سید احمد شہید سے بھی تھی۔اس خاندان میں تعلیم قدیم وتعلیم جدید دونوں کے نامور افرادواشخاص پیداہوئے۔ مرحوم بلند پایہ شاعر اورصاحب فن استاد سخن تھے، غزل اورنظم دونوں پریکساں قدرت تھی، اُن کے فیض صحبت سے سینکڑوں نوجوان بڑے شاعر ہوگئے۔ایک عرصہ سے دہلی میں مقیم تھے۔خاندانی اعتبار سے صاحب املاک وجائیداد تھے لیکن ایک ایسی افتاد پڑی کہ سب کچھ جاتارہا۔طبعاً نہایت غیور وخوددار تھے۔ زندگی کے آخری سال عسرت اورتنگدستی میں گزرے یہاں تک کہ جسم وجان کا رشتہ بھی اسی عالم میں منقطع ہوگیا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے۔آمین
[ستمبر۱۹۷۷ء]
Self-concept refers to the domain of self-descriptions that have self-evaluative connotation. Though many researchers embarked in the study of self-concept, and some even developed tests that measured self-concept, majority of these instruments had methodological and theoretical problems due to lack of systematic instrument development and presentation. The objective of the study is to develop a reliable and valid alternative approach to measuring the self in a semi-structured undisguised comics-type test that directly accounts for the way college students consider their choices of superheroes’ traits that characterizes their own. A preliminary survey on self-concept, in a form of open-ended statements was conducted to five hundred ninety-eight (598) college students of selected schools in Manila and Bulacan to know how college students see themselves indicatory of their self-concepts. Results of which, were collated to form the preliminary form. The preliminary form of the SCSS was administered to five hundred ninety-five (595) college students of different universities and colleges. Eighty-eight (88) items under eight (8) components were subjected to item analysis by identifying factors through a series of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Descriptive results were also calculated, as well as the exact reliability coefficient through split-half and Cronbach’s alpha. For the validity, content analysis was applied using two groups of experts who ascertain the suitability of each item in terms of content, relevance, clarity, appropriateness and their representations. They include three (3) experts who have a long experienced in comics industry and another three (3) experts in the field of college students’ self-concept formation. From the total of 88 items, 30 items were eliminated. However, the items that constitute the final form of the SCSS was concentrated into 55 items under six (6) factors upon post-analysis consideration. Statistical analysis revealed that the experts’ ratings were consistent and has high reliability with a generated r value of.894. The SCSS final form was administered to 809 respondents following the same procedures that were used for the preliminary form. The test scores were subjected to reliability facility, such as Alpha Coefficient and Split-Half, computing the reliability coefficients of the final form. Validity was established through convergent analysis, tested in a sample of 419 respondents who took the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS: 2) Adult Form. The test was found to have high reliability with r =.792.
Entanglement, highlights all the counter-intuitive trait of the theory now employed for quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. However, entangled states are inherently fragile, prone to decoherence and decays through environmental interactions. Therefore the protection and preservation of entanglement becomes stringently important. The thesis describes the theoretical framework for the generation of various entangled states, their characterization and protection methodology involving both the discrete and continuous variables. First two proposals deal with engineering and protection of entanglement between quantum dots (QDs) placed in the vicinity of a nanoring having a surface plasmon (SP). Interaction of SP emanating from nanoring generates entanglement among the QDs and the counter propagating modes of SP. We also generalize it for multipartite case. QD interaction with SP is also utilized for protection of entanglement among QDs. The system with proven experimental feasibility open up a new vista for a sustainable entangled networks. Another way of protecting entanglement is to engineer environment. Here we consider an open system to be part of larger system-bath combination which is closed to the outside that is switching the system environment coupling from Markovian to non-Markovian. We investigate the dynamics and decoherence of entanglement in a system consisting of two atomic qubits trapped in two separate cavities containing structured reservoir in non-Markovian domain. Entanglement is quantified for various initial entangled states showing delay of sudden death of entanglement. For continuous variable regime, quantum beat laser (QBL) is considered. In order to preserve entanglement and to minimize entanglement degradation, structured environment is introduced by placing the system''s doubly resonant cavity into two mirrors forming another large leaky cavity. Here, the entanglement is plotted verses time for various values of driving field strength, purity and thermal noise. The results demonstrate that the employed preserving schematic not only enhances the entanglement among two modes of the lasers but it preserve the entanglement for longer time than in Markovian approximation for its efficient applications in quantum information processing tasks.