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Role of Educational Technology in Curriculum Development

Thesis Info

Author

Riffat Sultana

Supervisor

Fazal-Ur-Rehman

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

73

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 371.3078 RIR; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710376708

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آیاتِ استفہام اور فہم عقیدہ آخرت

کائنات کے نظام کا مطالعہ کرنے سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ یہاں کسی چیز کے لئے کبھی ہمیشگی نہیں ہے، سب کی ایک عمر مقرر ہے وہ اپنی عمر مکمل کرنے کے بعد ختم ہوجاتی ہے، اس کائنات کو کمال درجہ حکمت سے بنایا گیا ہے جس کی ہر شئے میں ایک قانون کار فرما ہے۔ دنیا میں نیکی و بدی، ظلم و عدل اور تعمیر و تحریک کرنے کے بعد مٹی میں مل جانا یہ حقیت نہیں ہے بلکہ ہر اچھائی اور برائی کا بدلہ ضرور ملے گا۔

حافظ عمران ایوب لاہوری اپنی کتاب ’’آخرت کی کتاب‘‘ میں لکھتے ہیں کہ:

 "آخرت ان تمام امور کا نام ہے جو مرنے کے بعد انسان کو پیش آئیں گے آخرت کے لیے کہا گیا ہے کہ یہ دنیا کے بعد آنے والی ہے آخرت پر ایمان پر قائم ان میں سے ایک اہم رکن ہے کہ جب تک آخرت کے متعلق اللہ تعالی کی بتلائی ہوئی ہر خبر پر دل ایسا مطمئن نہ ہو جائے کہ کسی قسم کا شک و شبہ باقی نہ رہے تب تک ایمان بالآخرت کا حصول ممکن نہیں اور ایسا اعتقاد رکھنے والا ہی حقیقی مومن ہے اس کے علاوہ آخرت پر ایمان کا یہ فائدہ ہے کہ اس سے رغبت، خوف اور اعمال صالحہ کی بجاآوری کے ذریعے رب العالمین کی خوشنودی حاصل کرنے کا جذبہ پیدا ہوتا ہے ہر جاندار نے موت کا ذائقہ چکھنا ہے اور جو بھی ذی روح اس دنیا میں آیا ہے اس نے بالآخر یہاں سے رخصت ہونا ہے کوئی بھی موت سے نہیں بچ سکتا چاہے وہ خود کو مضبوط قلعوں میں بند ہی کیوں نہ کرلے اس لئے موت کو ہمیشہ یاد رکھنا چاہیے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے نصیحت فرمائی ہے کہ موت کو کثرت سے...

Completeness Analysis of Completeness Filling and Time of Returning The Medical Record for Inpatient Patients at Regional General Hospital of Makassar City

At Makassar City Hospital, one of the service indicators that has not been achieved is in incomplete medical record files and medical record files that are returned more than 2x24 hours after service. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the completeness of filling in and the timeliness of returning inpatient medical record files at the Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is mixed methods research. The study design used a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in September - October 2020. The results showed that the implementation of completeness of filling in and the timeliness of returning medical record files was still low, this has led to the accumulation of medical record files in the treatment room and delays in returning the files of inpatients to the medical record installation of the City Hospital Makassar. Training on the implementation of medical records has not been comprehensive for all officers at the Makassar City Hospital. The result of the delay in returning the documents is the delay in payment of insurance claims to the hospital. Accumulation of medical records in the treatment room from incomplete medical records and returned to the treatment room. Health workers who forget to fill in complete medical records are only given a sanction in the form of a warning during a meeting with the medical committee. Availability of SOP on filling and returning medical record files at the hospital. The facilities and infrastructure in the implementation of medical records are still insufficient for medical record employees at Makassar City Hospital. It is recommended that the hospital improve the implementation of the completeness and timeliness of returning medical record files, provide incentives or rewards for completing filling in, increase the number of computers and expand the room in the medical record installation, and review the medical record format at Makassar City Hospital

Efficient Spectral Analysis of Time Series

This work focuses on efficient, joint time-frequency analysis of time series data. Joint time-frequency analysis is based on the sliding window. There are two major contributions of this thesis. Firstly, we haveThis work focuses on efficient, joint time-frequency analysis of time series data. Joint time-frequency analysis is based on the sliding window. There are two major contributions of this thesis. Firstly, we have introduced a notion of “aggregate spectrogram (AS)” which is a unimodal distribution at each time instant. The AS is extremely useful and computationally efficient when we are interested in a few spectral features and not the entire spectrum. Properties/characteristics of the AS have been listed. A para- metric method, based on a second order autoregressive model of the signal, for the construction of the AS, has been described. Of all the existing spectral estimation tools, the AS has the least computational complexity. Based on the AS, instan- taneous frequency estimation for multicomponent signals with equal amplitudes has been achieved. The AS does not require Goertzel filters in dual tone multi frequency detection applications. The AS finds many potential application. A few examples are voice activity detection, edge detection, motion vector estimation etc. Secondly, the problem of estimating the instantaneous frequency and band- width for multicomponent signals with time varying amplitudes has been solved by employing a new peak detection algorithm. The algorithm has been shown to outperform existing algorithms when the frequencies and amplitudes of the multi- component noisy signals are time-varying. Other contributions of the thesis include: low computational cost algorithms for the sliding discrete Fourier transform, and algorithms for its extension to spectral interpolation through zero padding and window padding. A low cost, optimized iii split-radix FFT architecture for zero-padded signals is also proposed. The Wiener-Khintchine theorem (WKT) yields better spectral estimates of Gaussian signals as compared to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Higher order spectra find utility in case of additive colored noise or the signals are non- Gaussian. Due to high computational complexities, the WKT and higher order spectra are avoided in the sliding window based spectral analysis. We have devel- oped recursive forms of the WKT, bispectrum and trispectrum whose computa- tional complexities have reduced to linear, quadratic and cubic orders, respectively introduced a notion of “aggregate spectrogram (AS)” which is a unimodal distribution at each time instant. The AS is extremely useful and computationally efficient when we are interested in a few spectral features and not the entire spectrum. Properties/characteristics of the AS have been listed. A para- metric method, based on a second order autoregressive model of the signal, for the construction of the AS, has been described. Of all the existing spectral estimation tools, the AS has the least computational complexity. Based on the AS, instan- taneous frequency estimation for multicomponent signals with equal amplitudes has been achieved. The AS does not require Goertzel filters in dual tone multi frequency detection applications. The AS finds many potential application. A few examples are voice activity detection, edge detection, motion vector estimation etc. Secondly, the problem of estimating the instantaneous frequency and band- width for multicomponent signals with time varying amplitudes has been solved by employing a new peak detection algorithm. The algorithm has been shown to outperform existing algorithms when the frequencies and amplitudes of the multi- component noisy signals are time-varying. Other contributions of the thesis include: low computational cost algorithms for the sliding discrete Fourier transform, and algorithms for its extension to spectral interpolation through zero padding and window padding. A low cost, optimized split-radix FFT architecture for zero-padded signals is also proposed. The Wiener-Khintchine theorem (WKT) yields better spectral estimates of Gaussian signals as compared to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Higher order spectra find utility in case of additive colored noise or the signals are non- Gaussian. Due to high computational complexities, the WKT and higher order spectra are avoided in the sliding window based spectral analysis. We have devel- oped recursive forms of the WKT, bispectrum and trispectrum whose computa- tional complexities have reduced to linear, quadratic and cubic orders, respectively