مارجر جس ،مفارہ ،مریم ؑ اور موم بتی
مسجد عمر و بن العاص کے قریب ہی ایک پرانا کلیسا مارجر جس ہے جو اپنی قدامت اور طرزِ تعمیر کی وجہ سے نہ صرف عیسائی بلکہ مسلم ،یہودی اور دوسرے مذاہب کے زائرین اور سیاحوں کو بھی اپنی طرف متوجہ کر تا ہے ۔مارجر جس سے منسوب کنویں کو عیسائی مقدس مانتے ہیں ،اطمینان ِ قلب کے لیے ایک یادگار بھی یہاں بنی ہے جہاں زائرین موم بتیاں جلاتے ہیں ۔ اس کلیسا کے ساتھ ہی ایک اور کلیسا المفارہ ہے جو دو عیسائی پیشوائوں سرجیوس اور باخس کی یاد میں تعمیر کیا گیا ہے ۔یہاں حضرت عیسی ؑ کے ان دونوںپیرو کاروں کو قتل کر دیا گیا تھا ۔ المفارہ کے صدر دروازے پر ایک بڑا بورڈ آویزاں ہے جس پر اس سفر کا نقشہ کھینچا گیا ہے جس کے بارے دعویٰ ہے کہ حضرت عیسیؑ کی پیدائش کے بعد حضرت بی بی مریم نے فلسطین کے اس وقت کے بادشاہ کے خوف سے کیا تھا ۔ دس سال مصر میں جلا وطنی کے بعد واپسی کے سفر میں جن جن راستوں مقامات سے ہو کر بی بی مریمؑ گزری تھیں نقشے میں انھیں واضح کیا گیا ہے ۔ مسافر کوبی بی مریم ؑ کے اس سفر اور نقشے میں موجود سفری لکیروں نے تاریخ کی ورق گردانی کی جانب راغب کیا کہ آیا حضرت بی بی مریم ؑ نے واقعی یہ سفر کیا تھا یا عیسائی زائرین کو تاریخ اور حقائق سے دور رکھ کر صرف سیاحت کے فروغ کی خاطر یہاں ایک مذہبی کشش پیدا کر نے کے لیے کہانی گھڑی گئی ہے ۔
اس حوالے سے جامعہ کراچی کی تاریخ کی پرو فیسر اور کئی کتابوں کی مصنفہ ڈاکٹر نگار سجاد ظہیر کی رائے معتبر لگی ۔وہ لکھتی...
Forming Islamic Society, a dutiful, lawful and culturly civilized society; religion of Islam presents many rules and laws. One those beautiful laws are Saddu Zara’i (prevention law from means, leading to prevented things in Islam). It helps stop unlawful activities by using legal means. If a cultural change drives Muslim away from the objectives of Islam, it will alter that person to Islamic law. In betterment of society andmorality and ethics of people, Saddu Zara’i has great influence. If this law of Sharia leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharia, it will be accepted. This article discusses concept, meaning and the study of Saddu Zara’i and its importance and influence in reforming social and ethical values of society. It is illustrated by example of various scholars of Islam. It also discusses the different opinions of Islamic Jurisprudential scholars on Saddu Zara’i. The authors of this paper, then, deliberate its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world related to ethics and reformation of society.
This project is dedicated to fabricate and characterize the four different series of cubic spinel structure and then deposit two series of their thin films on silicon substrate. These series associated with the general formula Ag xCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5 O4 , ZnxCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5 O4, CdxCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5 O4 and CuxCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5 O4 where(x=0, 0.2, 0.4 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) employing the ceramic route method. After studding the fabrication and characterization of bulk ferrites, the thin films of AgxCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5 O4 and ZnxCO1-x Cr0.5 Fe1.5O4 on Si(100) substrate have been deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition technique using Nd-YAG laser having (wave length of 248 nm at a fluence of 2.5 J/cm2 and repetition rate of 20 Hz) to improve the magnetic properties. The deposition parameters like substrate temperature, target to substrate distance, post annealing are kept constant. The analytical techniques X-ray diffractrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, Vibrating sample magnetometer, UV-visible spectroscopy, inductor capacitor resistor meter, Ellipsometry Spectroscopy and Atomic force microscopy are used to characterize them. The main focus of the recent work is on transition metals (Ag+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Cu+2) doped cobalt chromium spinel ferrite due to their technological and potential applications like switching, data storage and recording media. The basic aim of this research work is to enhance the magnetic and optical properties by varying the doping concentration of transition metals. The importance of miniaturization of electronic circuits has increased the demand of thin films fabricated with new materials with better magnetic and optical properties. Previously no work has been published with theses composition; we want to fabricate such type of materials that have soft magnetic properties which have some saturation magnetization with the moderate coercivity. To achieve this goal first we have doped 25% of chromium (3mB) in iron to dilute the magnetic moment of iron (5 mB). After that select some non-magnetic with zero (mB) and the materials have less magnetic moment to control the magnetic and optical parameters. It has been observed that in first two series AgxCo1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4, ZnxCo1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4 the value of saturation magnetization is very low and coercivity is almost zero by doping of nonmagnetic ions and prepared ferrites become super-paramagnetic after that in CdxCo1-xCr0.5 Fe1.5O4 and CuxCo1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4 both saturation magnetization andcoercivity enhanced with the substitution of least magnetic moment ions. The band gap is narrow for the doping of non-magnetic ion and becomes wider with replacement of least magnetic ions in the composition. As in bulk silver and zinc doped cobalt chromium ferrite have the weak magnetic properties. It has been tried to induce the magnetic properties in these materials with the help of thin films, because in thin films these properties may improve due to their shape and deposition parameters. The thin films of silver and zinc doped cobalt chromium ferrite have enhanced magnetic properties and narrowing the band gap energy as compare to their bulk ferrite. In zinc doped thin film the magnetization and coecivity is higher than silver doped ferrites. So, these thin films are proposed to use in the applications of high density recording media, refrigeration, bio separation etc.