امام خمینی
حق مغفرت کرے عجب آزاد مرد تھا
انقلاب ایران کے تاریخ ساز قائد، ایران میں اسلامی جمہوریہ کے بانی، روحانی پیشوا اور عالمِ اسلام کے ایک عظیم فرزند علامہ روح اﷲ آیت اﷲ خمینی مرحوم ۳؍جون بروز شنبہ کواپنی علالت اورآپریشن میں ناکامی کے بعد بالآخر وہاں پہنچ گئے جہاں ہم میں سے ہرایک کوایک دن جانا ہے۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ راجِعُوْن۔علامہ خمینی کے انتقال کی خبر سے مسلم ممالک میں صفِ ماتم بچھ گئی، موت اَٹل اوربَرحق ہے اور یہ تلخ گھونٹ ہر متنفّس کواپنے وقت پر پینا ہے۔’’کل نفسٍ ذائقۃُ الموت‘‘ اور ’’اِذَا جَآء اجُلُھَا لَا ےَسْتَاخِرُون ساعۃ وَلَا یستقدمون ‘‘ فرمان الٰہی ہے۔
تاہم اس کار گاہِ ہستی میں بعض شخصیات ایسی بھی پیدا ہوتی ہیں، جن کے دنیا سے اُٹھ جانے کے بعد جوخلاء پیداہوتا ہے،اس کاپُر ہونا ممکن نہیں ہوتا ہے۔ یہ حقیقت ہے کہ موجودہ صدی میں جن اہم شخصیات نے جدید تاریخ پرگہرے نقوش واثرات چھوڑے ہیں، اور ایک لمبی مدت تک جن کی یاد باقی رکھی جائے گی ان میں مرحوم رہنما کی انقلاب آفریں ذات بھی شامل ہے۔
بلاشبہ علامہ خمینی کے انتقال سے سیاسی بالغ نظری، جرأت،بے باکی انقلاب، عزم اور خودداری کے ایک دور کاخاتمہ ہوگیا، علامہ خمینی اپنی ذاتی خصوصیات اوصاف اور کمالات کے اعتبار سے ایک پُرکشش، باوضع اوربھاری بھرکم شخصیت کے مالک تھے ان کے بعض عقائد وافکار ونظریات ،سیاسی سوچ و اپروچ اور طریقِ کارسے جمہوری اختلاف کے باوجود ان کی اصول پسندی، جذبۂ حرّیت ،ایثار وقربانی اور جدوجہد کی تعریف کیے بغیر چارۂ کار نہیں ہے۔
علامہ آیت اﷲ خمینی ۱۹۰۰ء میں شمالی ایران کے جران نامی ایک قصبہ خمین میں پیدا ہوئے، کل عمر ۸۹؍ سال کی پائی، بچپن سے ہی آپ کی تعلیم وتربیت ایک خاص ماحول میں ہوئی۔آپ نے اسلامیات ،دینیات ،فقہ اور فلسفہ کے شعبوں...
This article is about misunderstandings of "Ah-lul-Quran" towards "Al-Sunnah" they call themselves Ah-lul-Quran, though they do not deserve this title. They deny authenticity of the Hadith as well as the work of Mohaddisien, following in the footprints of their spiritual mentors who are primarily orientalists such as subringer, William mowver and Goldzehar. Actually in sub-Continent treacherous act of denial of Ahadith, was outcome of conspiracies hatched by imperial world. Major misunderstandings of Ah-lul-Quran towards Sunnah arise from the following. * Status of the Prophet (SAW) in their eyes. * According to their view Sunnah was not compiled during the time of prophet hood. * Doubts about the ahadith as fabrication Indeed their views are based on nothing but merely misconceptions and ill-will against Islam. They not only deny the Sunnah but also the Quran. This paper refutes the objections held forth by the Ah-lul-Quran by indepth analysis and valid references.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major staple grain food of Pakistan and is prone to many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Diseases caused by vriuses are among the biotic factors inflicting huge economic losses. Every year Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) causes substantial losses to wheat crop. A total of 210 samples showing typical barley yellow dwarf virus symptoms were collected from different wheat growing area of Pakistan. The DAS-ELISA technique was used to identify the existing serotype of BYDV. The BYDV-PAV was serologically identified as the most prevalent strain in Pakistan. The overall infection rate in symptomatic plants of BYDV-PAV was 43% whereas highest infection was recorded in Muzaffar Garh area of Punjab province. Different plants species viz. oat (Avena sativa), maize (Zea mays), johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) and Italian rye (Lolium multiform) in the cropping system was tested for BYDV-PAV infection. The maize and grasses showed the highest infection rate of 70% while oats showed comparatively less infection percentage (63%). Total RNA was extracted by Tri- reagent from BYDV-PAV ELISA positive samples. Coat protein gene of BYDV-PAV was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers set and a product of approximately 600 bp was obtained. The overlapping strategy was employed for which 12 primers set were designed, for complete genome sequencing. A maximum of 5654bp complete genome size of Pakistani isolate of BYDV-PAV was obtained after joining contigs. The complete genome sequences were compared with other world isolates of BYDV-PAV such as Asia, Europe and USA by using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) available on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data base. The phylogenetic analysis was done by using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Program. The gene wise inter isolate comparison among four Pakistani isolates of wheat was made. Between the RdRp/POL genes (i.e. P1 and P2), P2 gene showed higher identity (94.7-99.8%) as compared with P1 gene. The P3 coat protein gene was found the most conserved region with maximum of 99.2-100% among the isolates. The nucleotide sequence of P4 (putative movement protein gene) has showed identity of 98.6-100% among inter isolate of BYDV-PAV. The nucleotide sequence of aphid transmission gene/RTD (P5) has shown identity of 91.1-99.9% among inter isolate. Similarly the P6 gene, whose function is still unknown, has shown sequence identity of 89.4-99.9% among inter isolate. Similarity index of un-translated region (UTR) i.e. 5'', 3'' and intergenic regions were 91.4-100%, 93.9-100%, 97.6-100% (P2-P3) respectively while for P5-P6 intergenic region was 93.8-100%. The overall complete genomic comparison among four Pakistani Isolates (KT 252975, KT 252976, KT 252977and KT 252978) has shown divergence ranges from 0.14% to 6.9%. However these isolates have shown identity of 74.4 to 99.9% with other BYDV-PAV isolates of the world. It is concluded from this study that Pakistani isolates of BYDV-PAV are more closely related to USA, Europe and Japan but are distinct from Chinese isolates. Moreover the German isolate seems establishing an interlink bridge between PAV-I and PAV- II clusters based on phylogenetic tree analysis. The sequences of Pakistani isolates clearly indicated their identity as BYDV-PAV.