Payment of Zakat to Non-Muslims in the Light of Islamic Shariah

This study revisited the literature to find answer to an important question that whether Zakat could or could not be paid to the non Muslims? There are different arguments in favor of giving the Zakat to the needy Dhimmies (non Muslims) in an Islamic State.  After reviewing Islamic teachings, laid down in holy Quran and Sunnah, the practices of pious Caliphs, in the Islamic History, views of different Islamic schools of thought and the opinion of modern Islamic jurists, the study found that Quran and Sunnah allowed the payment of zakat to the Al-Muallaf-al-Qulub (poor non-Muslims and those, whose hearts are to be inclined). However, there are differences in the opinion of various Islamic schools of thought. For example, according to Maliki and Zaidi schools of jurisprudence it is lawful to give Zakat to the non-Muslims, where as Shyafee school of thought hold opposite opinion and does not allow the payment of Zakat to the non-Muslims. The modern Islamic jurists Muhammad Shaltut, Mustafa Al-Zarka, Taha Jabir, Syed Abual Aa la Maududi, Imam Khumany of Shia School of thought etc, argue that since modern states have become welfare states, it is therefore allowed to use zakat for the well-being of citizens including the non-Muslims. The recommendations given in this study are multidimensional that we will not only help the poor non-Muslims but also complement to eradicate poverty and reduce income inequality in Muslim countries

The Diagnostic Yield of Current Practice of Paediatric Intravenous Urography in Afghanistan in Presence of Ultrasonography; Cross-Sectional Analytic Study at Fmic, Kabul

Background: Intravenous urography (IVU); the oldest imaging method for assessing the upper urinary tract anatomy and function; is now seldom used in the paediatric population. The important concern associated with IVU is the radiation exposure. Due to various reasons, IVU is still widely practiced in paediatrics in Afghanistan. On the other hand, Ultrasonography (USG) is universally accepted as the first-line imaging modality in paediatric uroradiology. It is inexpensive, immediate, painless, radiation-free, non-invasive and widely available.Objectives: To assess the diagnostic value of current practice of paediatric IVU in presence of USG in Afghanistan Methods and material: A prospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on paediatric patients at radiology department of FMIC. First USG of urinary tract was done for all participants, followed by IVU. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The diagnostic value of IVU was considered positive when it could provide additional information over USG and negative if it could not give any addition information over USG.Results: The diagnostic value of IVU was found positive in 6.5% while it was negative in (93.5%) cases. Conclusion: IVU can be largely replaced by USG in the paediatric population and if really clinically needed, its indications should always be judged according to clinical context and USG findings.