Epiphyseal Fusion of Iliac Crests in Male and Female Adolescents: An Age Estimation Criterion

Background: Determination of age depends upon physical examination, dental assessment, and skeletal evaluation. The radiological examination of bone for appearance and fusion of ossification centers helps in the assessment of skeletal maturity as the process occurs in a particular sequence which is almost constant for that particular bone. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the age of fusion of iliac crest by radiological examination of subjects of age bracket 17-25 years coming to Shalamar Hospital Lahore Methods: In this cross-sectional study, radiological examinations (Digital X-Rays) were performed to evaluate the fusion of Iliac Crest in 200 subjects of both genders of 17 – 25 years. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 23. Conclusions were drawn and compared with available results of previous work done in this field. Results: Out of 200 subjects, there were 132 males (66 %) and 68 females (34%). The mean ± SD age of both genders was 20.41± 2.55. There were 93 cases (70.45%) of complete fusion among males, showing 100 % union in the age groups of 21-25 years, while 40 cases (58.83%) of complete union among females were observed during 20-25 year of age groups. The mean ± SD age of complete union for males was 20.67± 2.61 years and for females 19.90 ± 2.38 years, with a significant p value of <0.05. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was observed among people of different socio-economic statuses. No difference was observed among different ethnic groups. Conclusions: The fusion of the iliac crest is not affected by ethnicity. Factors like diet and nutrition directly affect bone growth and hence bone age. More studies should be conducted across the country to formulate a standard in setting up a uniform criterion for assessing the age of adolescents

Intramolecular Cyclization of Substituted 0- Alkynyl Styrenes, Synthesis of Polysulfanes and Solubilization on Ni-Complex in Anionic Micellar Media

1H-indene derivatives were prepared by intramolecular gold-catalyzed reaction of β-alkyl, βalkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes by formal 5-end-dig fashion involving Pinacol-Pinacolone group migration followed by protodemetalation and deprotonation. The synthesis of mono- and disubstituted o-(alkynyl)styrene derivatives (5a-e). Synthesis of β-alkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes 6a-f and β-alkyl,β-alkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes 7a-j has been also illustrated through the reduction and addition of organolithium/Grignard reagents. Gold catalyzed cyclization of β-alkyl, βalkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes afforded 1H-indene derivatives (10a, 10b, 10e, 10f) involving the nucleophilic attack of internal carbon based nucleophile onto the activated gold-alkenyl complex followed by subsequent Pinacol-Pinacolone type migration. In the second part, synthesis of bis(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)polysulfanes having linearly linked sulfurs (S= 1 to 4), have been presented. Characterization techniques like NMR, mass spectrometry and single crystal Xray crystallographic analysis have been also incorporated. Comparative study of N,N′-dimethylN,N′-diphenylurea B1 (commercially available compound) and N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′diphenyloxamide B2 is also illustrated. The third part deals with the physicochemical behavior and interaction of [Ni(phen)3]F2.EtOH.MeOH.8H2O (NPC) with anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS, sodium stearate SS, sodium ethyl hexyl sulfate SEHS and sodium docusate SD). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and spectroscopic parameters were determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy and thermodynamic parameters of complex-surfactant interactions were determined by electrical conductivity measurements. NPC showed the tendency of partitioning in the following order SDS ˃SS˃SEHS˃SD and CMC increased in the presence of micellar media. The investigated Ni-complex showed quite significant antioxidant activity against DPPH, hemolytic activity against RBCs, while no substantial cytotoxic activity against 3T3 cell line was witnessed.