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Statistical Analysis of the Results of Regular Candidates of S. S. C Exam. 1999 of B. I. S. E, Sargodha

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Rauf Khan

Supervisor

Mushraf Khan

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

113.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 373 ABS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676710456658

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ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی

ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی
افسوس ہے پچھلے ماہ ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صاحب صدیقی کاالہٰ آباد میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم ہندوستان کے ان مغربی تعلیم یافتہ اکابراساتذہ عربی وفارسی میں سے تھے جن کی نسل اب چراغ سحری ہے۔مرحوم علی گڑھ کے اس زمانے کے پڑھے ہوئے تھے جب کہ ابھی وہ صرف کالج تھا۔انہوں نے یہاں پروفیسر یوسف ہورووتس(JOSEF HOREVITZE)جو صدر شعبۂ عربی تھے ان کی شاگردی میں عربی میں ایم۔اے کیااور جب ان کوحکومت ہند کی جانب سے اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لیے وظیفہ ملا توموصوف کے ہی مشورے سے۱۹۱۲ء میں جرمنی چلے گئے۔اس زمانے میں جہاں تک عربی اور فارسی میں ریسرچ کاتعلق ہے فرانس کے ساتھ جرمنی کے نام کابھی دنیا میں غلغلہ بلند تھا۔جرمنی میں جو مستشرقین علم و تحقیق کے جوئے شیر کے کوہکن مشہور تھے ان میں پروفیسر تھیوڈور نولڈیکی اورپروفیسر انولتمان(ENNO LITTMAN)(۱۸۷۵ء۔۱۹۵۸ء) سرخیل گروہ تھے۔ان دونوں کااورخصوصاً موخرالذکر کاخاص فن سامی لسانیات تھا۔خوش قسمتی سے مرحوم کوجرمنی میں ان اساتذہ سے استفادہ کاپورا موقع ملا۔پروفیسر انولتمان ان کے استاد خصوصی تھے۔جن کی خدمت میں وہ مسلسل سات برس یعنی۱۹۱۹ء تک رہے۔استاد نہایت شفیق اورعلم وتحقیق کے بحر ناپیداکنار کا کامیاب شناور اور شاگرد نہایت ذہین اورہمہ طلب وجستجو! پھر کمی کس چیز کی تھی۔ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی نے فن لسانیات میں وہ کمال پیداکیا کہ یورپ تک میں مشہور ہوگئے۔ جرمنی سے آنے کے بعد وہ علی گڑھ،حیدرآباد اورڈھاکہ رہے لیکن آخرکار الہٰ آباد یونیورسٹی میں عربی کے پروفیسر اورصدر شعبۂ کی حیثیت سے ایسے جمے کہ یہیں سے ۱۹۴۶ء میں ریٹائرڈ ہوئے اوریہیں مستقل طورپررہ پڑے۔اپنے علم و فضل اورلسانیات میں خصوصی وسعت وقت نظر کے باعث جامعات اورارباب علم کے حلقوں میں بڑی وقعت کی نگاہ سے دیکھے جاتے تھے جرمنی زبان میں ان کے مقالہ فضیلت کے علاوہ غالباً کوئی مستقل تصنیف ان کی یادگار نہیں ہے۔تاہم جو مضامین(عربی کے علاوہ...

Financial Misgivings of Married Working Women in Lahore

In Pakistan, the financial issues of married working women are rarely discussed. There is an absence of literature on the subject. Nevertheless, the social sciences literature has been debating financial aspect of gender, either from the perspective of employer or employee; ignoring the working women’s reservations regarding their financial contribution in their marital life, particularly with reference to spouse and in-laws expectations. This issue becomes more acute when it comes to patriarchal conservative developing societies. This study is a delicate attempt to understand the magnitude of financial support of Pakistani married working women for spouse and in-laws, in the city of Lahore. In routine, the husband as well as the in-laws expect that a working wife should surrender her income, in entirety or partially towards the household budget, thus taking the financial responsibility of her spouse along with his extended family. Such financial misgivings create tensions and pressure for the already burdened woman having a disadvantaged status. In certain cases, the contribution is by free will of the wife, as well. This research will make an attempt through a survey with 50 married working women of different social classes, residing in Lahore. The purpose is to understand the rationale of approval or disapproval of this practice. Refusal for cooperation often create problems for the earning woman, even at the risk of separation or divorce, or at the least, tensions in the married life. At the end, the study will debate over possible adjustments and compromises, which could reduce tense situation for the married working woman, and at the same time maintaining her financial independence.

Synthesis and Characterization of Potentially Biologically Active Compunds Derived from Fibric Acids.

The present study deals with the synthesis of fibric acids derivatives. The thesis has been divided into three parts (1) Synthesis of fibric acids derivatives (2) Biological screening (3) In silicio studies. In the first part of thesis two fibric acids (2a & 2b) were synthesized from two phenols (1a & 1b) followed by their conversion into corresponding esters (3a & 3b) and carbohydrazides (4a & 4b). Cyclization of these carbohydrazides was carried out to synthesize 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5a & 5b). In next step N-substituted-2-bromoacetamides (7a- 7y) were prepared by using various anilines (6a-6y). Two main series of compounds 8-30 and 31-50 were synthesized successfully by reacting 5-(2-aryloxypropan-2-yl)-1.3.4- oxadiazol-2-thiols (5a & 5b) with N-substituted-2-bromoacetamides (7a-7y). Characterization of the compounds was carried out through spectroscopic analysis. N N O CH3 CH3 O X SH (5a-5b) 5a X=Cl 5b X=Br (Scheme 1) xiv Br N H O R1 R2 (7a-7y) 7a Cyclohexylamine 7j R1 = 3CH3 R2=5CH3 7s R1 = H R2=2Br 7b R1 = H R2=H 7k R1 = H R2=4C2H5 7t R1 = H R2=3Br 7c R1 = H R2=2CH3 7l R1 =2C2H5 R2=6CH3 7u R1 = H R2=4Br 7d R1 = H R2=3CH3 7m R1 = H R2=2OCH3 7v R1 = H R2=2Cl 7e R1 = H R2=4CH3 7n R1 = H R2=3OCH3 7w R1 = H R2=4F 7f R1 = 2CH3 R2=3CH3 70 R1 = H R2=4OCH3 7x R1 = H R2=4NO2 7g R1 = 2CH3 R2=4CH3 7p R1 = H R2=2OC2H5 7y R1 = H R2=2NH2 7h R1 = 2CH3 R2=6CH3 7q R1 = H R2=4OC2H5 7i R1 = 3CH3 R2=4CH3 7r R1 = 2OCH3 R2=5Cl (Scheme 2) N N O CH3 CH3 O Cl S N O H R1 R2 (8-30) 8 Cyclohexylamine 16 R1 = 3CH3 R2=4CH3 24 R1 = 2OCH3 R2=5Cl 9 R1 = H R2=H 17 R1 = 3CH3 R2=5CH3 25 R1 = H R2=2Br 10 R1 = H R2=2CH3 18 R1 = H R2=4C2H5 26 R1 = H R2=4Br 11 R1 = H R2=3CH3 19 R1 =2C2H5 R2=6CH3 27 R1 = H R2=2Cl 12 R1 = H R2=4CH3 20 R1 = H R2=2OCH3 28 R1 = H R2=4F xv 13 R1 = 2CH3 R2=3CH3 21 R1 = H R2=4OCH3 29 R1 = H R2=4NO2 14 R1 = 2CH3 R2=4CH3 22 R1 = H R2=2OC2H5 30 R1 = H R2=2NH2 15 R1 = 2CH3 R2=6CH3 23 R1 = H R2=4OC2H5 (Scheme 3) N N O CH3 CH3 O Br S N O H R1 R2 (31-50) 31 Cyclohexylamine 38 R1 = 2CH3 R2=6CH3 45 R1 = H R2=2OC2H5 32 R1 = H R2=H 39 R1 = 3CH3 R2=4CH3 46 R1 = H R2=4OC2H5 33 R1 = H R2=2CH3 40 R1 = 3CH3 R2=5CH3 47 R1 = 2OCH3 R2=5Cl 34 R1 = H R2=3CH3 41 R1 = H R2=4C2H5 48 R1 = H R2=2Br 35 R1 = H R2=4CH3 42 R1 =2C2H5 R2=6CH3 49 R1 = H R2=3Br 36 R1 = 2CH3 R2=3CH3 43 R1 = H R2=3OCH3 50 R1 = H R2=4Br 37 R1 = 2CH3 R2=4CH3 44 R1 = H R2=4OCH3 (Scheme 4) After the successful completion of synthetic portion and their characterization fibric acids derivatives were evaluated for their biological activities. For this purpose, protocols of anti-thrombotic (in vitro and in vivo) and anti-inflammatory activity (in vitro and in vivo) were followed. The anti-thrombotic activity (in vitro and in vivo) was performed to evaluate the FXa inhibition potential of newly synthesized compounds. In vitro, compounds 17, 27 and 36 showed higher % age of clot lysis than standard drug streptokinase; however the xvi remaining compounds showed moderate to good activities. In vivo, for compounds 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 24, 27, 32, 36, 39, 41, and 48 enhanced clotting times (even better than standard drug heparin) were observed. Anti-inflammatory activity was performed to evaluate the COX-2 enzyme inhibition potential of fibric acids derivatives. In vitro, these compounds showed moderate to good activity while in vivo compounds 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17, 24, 34 and 48 showed results even better than standard drug diclofenic sodium. Compounds 14, 15, 19, 21, 31, 38 and 42 results were comparable to that of standard drug while remaining compounds exhibited moderate activity. In the last part of research work in silico studies were performed for selected compounds. For anti-thrombotic activity compounds 9-17 were docked against FXa protein. Except the compound 5a, all others showed higher docking score than the control ligand. In case of anti-inflammatory activity molecular docking of compounds 5a, 5b and 8-50 was carried out against COX-2 protein. All the compounds except 5a, 5b, 13 and 25 showed higher docking score than standard. Density functional theory (DFT) computed molecular properties of compounds 9-17 were also calculated by computational methodology. Results of biological activities showed good commitment with in silico study results. In future these compounds might be evaluated at molecular level.