سید ابوالنظر رضوی
افسوس ہے ہمارے حمیم صمیم سید ابو النظر رضوی کا۸/اپریل کوکراچی میں انتقال ہوگیا۔موصوف امروہہ ضلع مراد آباد کے شرفا اورنامور رؤسا میں سے تھے، بلا کے ذہین اور طباع تھے۔درس نظامی کا بڑا حصہ مدرسہ امدادیہ مرادآباد میں پڑھا تھااورپھر آخر میں ایک سال دارالعلوم دیوبند میں رہ کر تکمیل کی تھی۔اردو کے صاحب طرزانشاء پرداز اورادیب تھے۔طبیعت میں روانی غضب کی تھی۔تقسیم سے پہلے برہان میں اُن کے مقالات اکثر نکلتے رہتے تھے۔اس کے علاوہ دوسرے ادبی اورعلمی رسالے بھی مرحوم کے مضامین فخر سے شایع کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۴۸ء میں یکایک اپنی تمام جائیدادواملاک چھوڑ چھاڑ کرکرا چی چل دیے۔بڑی تمناؤں اورآرزؤں کولے کر گئے تھے لیکن ایک بھی پوری نہیں ہوئی اورہزاروں روپیہ ماہوار کاخرچ رکھنے والا وہاں عسرت وتنگدستی کاشکارہوکر رہنے لگا۔ان پیہم ناکامیوں اورمایوسیوں کانتیجہ یہ ہواکہ تپ دق میں مبتلا ہوگئے۔مرنے سے چندماہ پہلے ایک خط میں کس حسرت سے لکھتے ہیں:’’قدرت کے کارخانے بھی عجیب ہیں۔ جب میرے پاس ریاست تھی،دولت تھی اورطاقت تھی اس وقت مجھ کویہ موذی مرض نہ دیاکہ میں اس کامقابلہ کرسکتا تھا، اب اس غریب الوطنی اورتنگدستی میں مجھ کو اس بیماری میں مبتلا کرکے سوائے اس کے کہ قدرت’’گربہ و موش‘‘ کا تماشا دکھانا چاہے اورکیا فائدہ ہے؟‘‘
بعض خاص اسباب کی بناپر مذہبی خیالات میں عدم توازن پیداہوگیا تھا اور قرآن مجید میں بعض عجیب طرح کی تاویلات و توجیہات کرنے لگے تھے۔ یوں نہایت شریف، بامروت،دوست نواز،بے حد خلیق اورملنسار تھے۔مہماں نوازی بڑی عالی ظرفی سے کرتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ اُن کی لغزشوں اورغلطیوں سے درگزر فرماکر ان کو مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمت سے نوازے۔آمین [مئی۱۹۵۶ء]
This descriptive quantitative research paper attempts to explore how women employees at one of the public universities in province of Sindh perceive their profession and societal attitudes including those of colleagues, family and neighbours towards these professional women and their profession. The target participants of this study were academic and non-academic women who had minimum 5 years work experience. Through random sampling technique 100 women (50 from each category) were selected for taking part in survey questionnaire. Findings suggest a positive shift in societal attitude towards professional women in general and working in universities in particular. Interestingly, non-academic respondents perceived societal attitude more positive and supportive than those of academic.
This thesis is devoted to the theoretical description of two component metamaterials as arrays of spherical inclusions. Metamaterials include both electric and magnetic phenomena. We study the long wave approximation for electromagnetic response of the generalized infinite chain and develop Effective Medium Theory for two types of two component composite metamaterials. One type is composed of a host dielectric material embedded periodically with spherical inclusions (iron/copper/cobalt/ferrites) and the other is a 2-D sandwich metamaterial structure in which the central material contains a chain of infinitely long metallic cylinders and the lateral slabs are embedded with spherical metallic inclusions. In this thesis the microwave frequency range 0 to 5 GHz has only been considered. The metamaterial media / structures are being considered in the thesis as artificial ferrites with their own effective complex dielectric and magnetic constants. So, the metamaterial media/ structures presented in the thesis are considered as perfect crystals with their own dispersive properties in the microwave frequency range. The lattice constant of the crystal is equal to the constant of the unit cell of metamaterial under consideration. The expressions for effective permeability tensors of the considered metamaterial medium have been obtained in microwave approximation. Using Effective Medium Theory (EMT) and Effective Medium Approximation we obtain expressions for effective saturation magnetization of the considered metamaterial medium. The effective magnetic properties for the case of the microwave propagation transverse to bias and in the direction of bias have also been obtained. Our polycrystalline metaferrites designed as metamaterial exhibited the Ultra-Low Refractive Index (ULI) phenomenon. In our thesis we have also performed an analytical modeling and numerical analysis of the effective electromagnetic response of the proposed metamaterial medium. The analytical modeling has been done using two different modified mathematical models of the complex relative permittivity and permeability for unbounded composite medium with spherical inclusions. Numerical simulations of the above mentioned parameters have been made using S‐parameters obtained from Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain technique. The numerical simulation has been carried out for different radii of the inclusions. Remarkable coincidence between analytical and numerical results is found. The enhancement in effective relative permittivity and refractive index of the considered composite has been observed. The generalization has been done by the approaches of S- and T-matrices. The analytically obtained results are compared with the numerically calculated ones. All of the numerical simulations presented in the thesis have been done with the help of the free Meep FDTD software package while analytical modeling has been carried out using MATLAB software. Recommendations for the practical application of presented artificial material for designing microwave patch antennas have also been discussed.