مولوی سید ممتاز علی
اخبارات کی زبانی ناظرین تک یہ خبر پہنچی ہوگی کہ ہماری زبان کے پرانے ادیب و مصنف اور مسلمان لڑکیوں کی تعلیم و تربیت کے مشہور مبلغ مولوی سید ممتاز علی صاحب مہتمم تہذیب نسواں لاہور نے وفات پائی۔ انَّاﷲ، مرحوم کا وطن، دیوبند تھا، عربی کی تعلیم پائی تھی، اور ساتھ ہی جدید تعلیم سے بھی بہرور تھے، اس زمانہ میں سرسید مرحوم کی تحریک کا شباب تھا، اس شمع کے گرد جو پروانے جمع ہوگئے تھے، ان میں ایک یہ بھی تھے، مسلمانوں میں وہ پہلے شخص تھے جس نے تعلیم نسواں کی تبلیغ کی، اور اس تبلیغ میں ان کو کامیابی حاصل ہوئی تھی، وفات کے وقت ان کا سن ستر (۷۰) کے قریب ہوگا ابھی اسی سال کے اخیر جنوری میں لاہور میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، اسی وقت وہ زار و نزار، اور حبس بول کی شکایت میں مبتلا تھے، آخر وہ اس تکلیف سے جانبر نہ ہوسکے اور چل بسے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان پر رحمت فرمائے، نہایت خوش خلق متواضع اور مرنج و مرنجان بزرگ تھے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی،اگست ۱۹۳۵ء)
The research paper deals with role of plants in human health and healthy environment in the context of Qur'anic verses and science. The concept of growing plants for health rather than for food or fiber is slowly changing plant biotechnology and medicine. Rediscovery of the connection between plants and health is responsible for launching a new generation of botanical therapeutics that include plant-derived pharmaceuticals, multi component botanical drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods and plant-produced recombinant proteins. Many of these products will soon complement conventional pharmaceuticals in the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of diseases, while at the same time adding value to agriculture. Holy Quran describes the importance of rain as pure water to irrigate dead soil and emergence of life (plant’s growth) from the dead soil. Plants provide foods for human beings and are necessary for healthy environment. Man is an omnivore who gets his food from both plant and animal sources. However, for immediate energy, humans rely more on plant starches and soluble sugars, including glucose and edible sugar. Generally, our normal diet consists of rice or wheat bread which is a very important source of starch. Sugar and fats are the two most important components of food managed by plants. Apart from this, the man manages vegetables and salads from plants which are the guarantors of his health/survival in modern times. There are many reasons for diversity in plants. The obvious reason is the chemistry of that particular piece of land, what kind of minerals/salts and other nutrients that land has and what types of plants can grow there in their presence. In this research written with a descriptive and analytical approach, it is proved that according to Quran and science plants have a great role in human health and healthy environment.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the role of earning measuring management and quality measures in explaining the earning informativeness that affects market value of the firm through involving volatility factors in coefficient of earnings. Moreover, this study assimilates the effect of earning management on capital structure performance and discourses the behavior of capital structure and performance relationship in the presence of earning management. Furthermore, this study also extends the three factor model, with the purpose of capturing irrational behavior of stock returns by incorporating earning management effect (information risk factor) and gearing effect (growth or liquidity factor). For analysis, the data of five countries are employed in the sample that are Pakistan, India, China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The data of cumulative 802 companies are taken in sample for estimating market valuation through accruals and quality measures and for studying the impact of earning management on capital structure. However, for capturing irrational behavior massive sample of monthly data of cumulatively 1428 companies are employed. The sample period is from 2001 to 2013 in case Pakistan, India, and China, but in case of Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, the sample period is from 2008 to 2012. Based on Panel data models, the results reveal that opportunistic earning management is prevalent in all countries except Bangladesh. The opportunistic earning management has inverse effect on earning informativeness. Whereas, efficient earning management has positive effect on earning informativeness. China also depicts opportunistic behavior, which is motivated by the ROE sustainability rules of Chinese securities Regulatory Committee (CSRC). Moreover, in case of China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, high leverage brings earning management in order to reduce debt covenant violation whereas vice versa is true for India, the opportunistic earning management conveys the adverse effect on capital structure performance of the firm, as it subsidized the impact of capital structure on firm performance and also increases the earning risk. Indian firms are more exposed to earning management that adversely affect the capital structure performance and leverage decisions. The size is negatively associated with performance, which is due to the fact that firms forcefully increase size either for strategic reason, institutional reason or principle agent conflict that induces size increase and also brings asset inefficiency due to underutilization of assets. The study showed that growth or liquidity factor and information risk factor are the priced risk factors and capture the variation in stock returns. It is also identified that Chinese firms are illiquid that leads to negative WML factor, which conveys that looser stock have higher returns. This study has implication towards accounting standards, debt covenants, managers and investors, which can restrict the adverse earning management practices. Furthermore, investors can capture the information risk and can engage in more informed trading in the stock markets.