المبحث الأول: ممیزات أشعار نازك الملائکۃ
یوجد في شعر نازک الملائکۃ ’’القیمۃ الفعلیۃ‘‘ وھذہ القیمۃ لا تتمثل في أن شعرھا قابل للتقلید أو أخذہ کنموذج مثالي یقتدي بہ من بعدھا الآخرون، ولکن المیزۃ الممتازہ في شعرھا بأن لدیھا القدرۃ علی التحرر من العاطفۃ والرومانسیۃ وما إلی ذلک۔
ویذکر شوقي بزیغ في مجلۃ العدد’’ وقد تکون تربیۃ نازک المحافظۃ ونشأتھا في أسرہ متعلقۃ بأھداب القیم الموروثۃ ھي من بین العوامل التي دفعتھا إلی احترام العادات والتقالید المحیطۃ لھا من کل جانب، وعلی الرغم من إقامتھا الطویلۃ في أمریکا فنحن لا نلمع في شعرھا ما یشي بالتجرؤ علی الأعراف السائدۃ وتجاوز المحظورات لابل إننا نکاد لا نعرف شيئاً عن حیاتھا الخاصۃ أو عن علاقاتھا العاطفیۃ التي سبقت الزواج‘‘[1]۔
فیذکر شوقي بزیغ لا بد من الاعتراف بأن نازک، بسبب النشأۃ أو الخوف أو مکانۃ المرأۃ العربیۃ أو بعض الظروف الاجتماعیۃ لم تسمح للشاعرۃ أن تتعمق في الحداثۃ أو بما تکون الحالۃ الاجتماعیۃ أو مکانتھا أو عادات البيئة العربیۃ والواقع العربي والعراقي بوجہ خاص وقد تکون ھذہ الظروف نفسھا ھي التي لونت معظم قصائدھا بلون الحزن والألم ، وجعلت الموت یحتل موقعاً متعلقاً في نظرتھا، ولکن الجانب الإیجابي یحجب علی حزنھا ویظھر الجانب الآخر وھي قدرتھا علی تحویل حزنھا إلی مادۃ للتأمل الھادئ والتبصر العمیق والتعجب في الحیاۃ وفي أحوال النفس وأسرارھا، وھو ما تکمن ملاحظتہ في قصائدھا مثل "أجراس سوداء" و "مرثیۃ یوم تامہ" و "الشخص الثاني" و "الخیط المشدود في شجرۃ السرو" وغیرھا[2]۔ نلاحظ أن معظم قصائدھا ملون بلون الحزن والألم وقد تکون أسبابھا لیست ظاھرۃ ولکن ربما یکون ھناک سر مختبيئ في قلب الشاعرہ، وھي لا تستطیع إظھارہ وذلک بسبب حالة من الحالات أو بسبب ظروف معینۃ ویتضح ألمھا الداخلي ونظرتھا الی الوجود والأشیاء، بأنھا فانیة...
Rehabilitation forms an important tire in well operating health care systems. Within the areas as mentioned on the World Health Organisation factsheet about rehabilitation the therapeutic professions such as physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, prosthetists and orthotists and clinical psychologists play an important role. They do not only treat people’s conditions such as diseases, disorders, injuries or trauma, they furthermore promote good health and help to prevent diseases. This can significantly lead to better overall wellbeing of the population. To gain the best client outcome and support the health care system in an effective way, regulation is as important as interprofessional collaboration. Thus there is an intense need to highlight these two main aspects to ensure quality rehabilitation provided by therapeutic professionals.
A lot is written about third party logistics, its evolution and rapid growth especially in western world and few of the Asian countries. Most of the research done on third party logistics is from customers’ perspective regarding their needs, reasons and motives to outsource logistics services and the standard of service what customers are looking for or what they are getting. The flip side of it, is the perspective of logistics service providers which is, mostly confined to national and international surveys and demographic statistics. About a decade back, World Bank started calculating Logistics Performance Index and ranking all internationally trading countries on the basis of their logistics infrastructure and performance. In Pakistan this industry was completely ignored and was rather unknown to academic researchers until the China Pakistan Economic Corridor came into lime light. Even then, it cannot be said that this industry got due attention from academic researchers or even from government regulatory authorities to properly regulate this industry. It is only in the last decade that researchers in Pakistan turned their attention towards this industry to evaluate its capacity, span of services provided, quality of service and the performance of third party logistics service providers. This research is unique in nature, as never before the service competencies of logistics industry in Pakistan were evaluated using internationally recognized quality standards and competency measures. To study the impact of quality management practices on service competencies of third party logistics service providers in Pakistan, this research picked the two most renowned and internationally recognized models: The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality (MBNQ) model for assessing quality management practices and Michigan State University Global Logistics Research Team (MSUGLRT) model for service competencies. The impact of six quality management factors of MBNQA named 1- Leadership, 2- Strategic Planning, 3- Customer Focus, 4- Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management, 5- Human Resource Focus and 6- Process Management was studied on the four service competency identified by MSUGLRT named 1- Positioning, 2- Integration, 3- Agility and 4-Measurement. The data on various items for these latent constructs was collected from more than 200 firms and all necessary analyses using AMOS and SPSS packages were done to find out the direction and extent of the impact of quality factors on service competency. Also the effect of Social Capital and Company Strength as moderating variable was observed. The results clearly identified the Strategic Planning and HR Management Focus as the factors highly impacting service competencies of third party logistics service providers in Pakistan. Interestingly, but surprisingly, the role of Leadership and Knowledge Management was minimal. Especially the negative impact of Leadership indicates the area of immediate further attention. The moderating variable also had very significant relation with service competencies but they were unable to significantly affect the individual impact of other quality factors. This study highlights the areas where logistics firms in their individual capacity, the logistics industry as a whole and concerned government bodies must immediately concentrate to be able to extract expected benefits from the China Pakistan Economic Corridor.