اردو کے ادبی اور تحقیقی رسائل و جرائد کا تعارف
رسالہ کسے کہتے ہیں؟
رسالہ ان مطبوعات کو کہتے ہیں جو وقفے وقفے سے بار بار شائع ہوتے ہیں۔ رسالے کو مجلہ یا جریدہ بھی کہتے ہیں۔کچھ رسائل پندرہ روزہ ، ماہانہ ، دوماہی، سہ ماہی، ششماہی اور سالانہ ہوتے ہیں۔تحقیقی وادبی رسائل اپنے عہد کے تخلیقی سفر کے اہم ترین دستاویزات شمار ہوتے ہیں۔جہاں وہ ایک طرف اہل قلم کے نگار شات سے قارئین کو استفادہ کا موقع دیتے ہیں۔ وہاں ناقدین ، مؤرخین اور محققین کے لیے بھی ایسا مواد فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ جس سے کسی مخصوص عہد کے ادبی و تحقیقی رجحانات کا اندازہ لگایا جا سکتا ہے۔
اردو زبان وادب کے ارتقا میں ادبی و تحقیقی رسائل نے ہمیشہ بنیادی کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ادبی رسائل عوام کی ذہنی تربیت میں ایک مؤثر اور فعال کے قوت کے طور پر کام کرتے ہیں۔آج کا ادب جب ماضی کا حصہ بن جاتا ہے۔ تو ادبی رسالہ ہی اس خزینے کو تحفظ عطا کرتاہے۔ اور یہ تنقید و تحقیق کے لیے بنیادی ماخذ کی حیثیت اختیار کرجاتاہے۔
رسائل کی اقسام :
The establishment and implementation of justice is the primary responsibility of the Islamic state. In every Islamic society, the establishment of the systems of justice and police become an obligation and a necessity for the betterment of society and for the solution of the problems faced. The present research deals with the issue of Islamic system of judiciary highlighting its various components in the light of Shari‘ah. Oath, Evidence, Witness and various technical terms used in the dissemination of Ajustice are explained with evidences from Qur’┐n and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). So this research concludes with the note that if the system of justice be strengthened; all the problems, in particular elimination of crimes can take place, and decisions can be given in the light of the laws and orders in the light of the Shari‘ah.
The Aga Khan University Institute for Educational Development (IED-AKU) was established in 1993, and it started preparing Professional Development Teachers (PDTs) through a two-year field based Master in Education (M.Ed.) programme. The PDTs are expected to be exemplary teachers, teacher educators and change agents to bring improvement in their home institutions. Understanding teachers' life is one of the main focuses of present day educational research enderours. The purpose of this study was to explore the personal life investment in the professional life of the PDT. To study this aspect of her life, a life history approach was employed. Data were generated through eight interviews and document analysis. The findings of the study were analyzed against the predetermined categories as subsidiary questions of the study, and the data revealed that family environment, school environment, college life, life overseas, life at AKU-IED, some professional experiences and her own natural abilities are the factors that influenced her professional life. Each category is further sub-divided under sub-categories and discussed. The implications of the study emerged on the basis of significance of the study and in the light of the findings. Further more, suggestions for further investigation followed at the end.